老挝语汉语疑问句对比研究

发布时间：2018-12-14 19:34

【摘要】：本文主要分析老挝语和汉语疑问句的特征,包括疑问词、疑问句法及语用特征。老挝语和汉语属于孤立型的语言,而且跟中国少数民族语言有着密切关系,尤其是侗台语。目前中国和老挝的科学教育交流比以前增加,但是老挝语的研究却相对滞后,尚有很多待拓展的研究领域,疑问句的研究就是其中之一。本文以老挝语和汉语疑问句的句式作为主要的研究对象。为了揭示两者的异同,本文尝试将老挝语疑问句的句式分类同汉语的分类方式进行了对比研究。研究发现,老挝语和汉语的特指问句在很多方面存在着差异,比如表达问时间、地点的句式,汉语用"什么时候来",而老挝语通常用"来什么时候",汉语用"去哪儿玩",老挝语用"去玩哪儿";语法上也有一些不同的地方,比如"怎么样",汉语说"她妆化得怎么样",而老挝语不需要"得",没有"得"的语法概念,但会加"是"来帮助表达,即"她化妆是怎么样"。在是非问句中,对应汉语的疑问语气词"吗"、"吧"和"啊",老挝语有更丰富的表达形式。老挝语正反问句句式没有汉语那么丰富,而选择问句老挝语和汉语的句式基本一样,都用连词"还是"。但跟汉语不同的是,老挝语中的选择问句已经演变成是非疑问句,相当于说"还是吗?""还是不?"语用方面,老挝语和汉语疑问句的功能很相似,没有太大区别。本文在对比的基础上,总结归纳了老挝语和汉语疑问句的特征及异同,并提出了有针对性的教学建议,以期能为老挝学生学习汉语和中国学生学习老挝语提供一些帮助。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly analyzes the features of Laotian and Chinese interrogative sentences, including interrogative words, interrogative syntax and pragmatic features. Lao and Chinese are isolated languages and are closely related to Chinese minority languages, especially Dong and Tai languages. At present, the exchange of science and education between China and Laos is increasing, but the study of Laotian is relatively lagging behind, and there are still many fields to be expanded, among which the study of interrogative sentences is one of them. In this paper, Laotian and Chinese interrogative sentences as the main research object. In order to reveal the similarities and differences between the two, this paper attempts to make a comparative study of the sentence classification of the Laotian interrogative sentence and the Chinese classification. The study found that there are differences in specific questions between Lao and Chinese in many ways, such as expressions of time, place, and when to come in Chinese, while Laotian usually uses "when to come" and Chinese uses "where to play". Lao pragmatic "where to play"; There are also some differences in grammar, such as "how" and "how does she make up" in Chinese, while Laotian does not need "de", there is no grammatical concept of "de", but "yes" is added to help express it. What is her makeup like? In non-question sentences, Laotian has more abundant expressions, corresponding to Chinese interrogative motifs "do", "bar" and "ah". Laotian is not as rich as Chinese, but Laotian is basically the same as Chinese, using the conjunction "or". But unlike Chinese, the choice question in the Lao language has evolved into a nonquestion, equivalent to saying "still?" or not? " Pragmatically, the functions of Laotian and Chinese interrogative sentences are very similar. On the basis of comparison, this paper summarizes the characteristics, similarities and differences between Laotian and Chinese interrogative sentences, and puts forward targeted teaching suggestions in order to provide some help for Lao students to learn Chinese and Chinese students to learn Laotian.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.3;H411

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