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大学生冲突性话语的语用分析与化解策略研究

发布时间:2018-12-15 08:18
【摘要】:化解冲突,实现语言缓和与人际和谐,既是人类社会发展的内在需要,也是人性的内在要求。高校作为社会的一个缩影,对大学生的话语冲突特性进行研究,分析大学生冲突性话语的特征,探索化解策略,对构建流畅交际环境与和谐校园,具有实践性意义。采用语料库法,借助录音转写工具,运用民族志法搜集语料,结合问卷调查方式,以面子威胁与礼貌原则为理论框架,分析大学生冲突性话语的类型及其类特点,提出减少或消除不同种类话语冲突的语用策略。研究发现包括两大方面:第一,冲突性话语的语用特征方面,大学生冲突性话语在面子威胁程度上总体比较中度。根据面子威胁程度,大学生冲突性话语可分为五类,分别是轻度面子威胁行为、中度面子威胁行为、中度偏上面子威胁行为、高度面子威胁行为和极高度面子威胁行为。轻度面子威胁行为主要发生在学生与管理者之间、学生个体与群体之间、学生密友之间和学生与陌生人之间;中度面子威胁行为主要包含反对、“倚熟卖熟”、脱离群体、忽视他人关心和背离恋情五种情形;中度偏上面子威胁行为包含打扰或限制他人、误解或责怪他人和冒犯他人三种情形;高度面子威胁行为包含直接抵抗和间接反对两种形式;极高度面子威胁行为主要通过开头爆发和逐渐爆发两种形式发展。其中,中度及中度偏上面子威胁行为在大学生冲突性话语中表现最为明显。由于“缩短双方距离”的易接纳性,中度面子威胁行为对应的积极面子威胁,在强加程度上略低于中度偏上面子威胁行为所对应的消极面子威胁。第二,礼貌补救策略方面,包容的视角和歉疚的态度和第三方介入,在减轻大学生话语冲突上突出适用。首先,由于策略本身的“经济”和“谦虚”特性,补救策略中的消极礼貌策略受到大学生的广泛采用。其次,尽管实现消极礼貌策略的方式多样,对于大学生而言,最普遍且有效的方式包含采用包容性视角和道歉两种。最后,第三方介入方式,在保护双方面子方面表现出独特优势,在化解大学生冲突性话语中起到重要作用。其中的“双损”模式和“第三方受损”模式较为常见。鉴于本研究的缺憾,今后的研究,理论上应结合中国文化特点,提出更为完善的语用学礼貌原则,在语料库的构建上还应扩大对象范围,以保证研究的客观性。
[Abstract]:Resolving conflicts and realizing language relaxation and interpersonal harmony are not only the internal needs of the development of human society, but also the inherent requirements of human nature. As a microcosm of society, colleges and universities study the characteristics of college students' discourse conflict, analyze the characteristics of college students' conflicting discourse, and explore the resolving strategies, which are of practical significance to the construction of a smooth communication environment and a harmonious campus. With the help of corpus method, recording tool, ethnographic method and questionnaire survey, this paper analyzes the types and characteristics of college students' conflicting utterances based on the principle of face threat and politeness. This paper proposes pragmatic strategies to reduce or eliminate different kinds of discourse conflicts. The findings include two aspects: first, the pragmatic characteristics of conflicting utterances, the college students' conflicting utterances generally have a moderate degree of face threat. According to the degree of face threat, college students' conflicting discourse can be divided into five categories: mild face threatening behavior, moderate face threatening behavior, high face threatening behavior and extremely high face threatening behavior. Mild face-threatening behavior mainly occurs between students and administrators, between individual students and groups, between close friends of students and between students and strangers; The moderate face-threatening behavior mainly includes five kinds of situations, such as opposing, "knowing well and selling well", breaking away from the group, neglecting others' concern and deviating from the relationship; Moderate face threat includes disturbing or restricting others, misunderstanding or blaming others and offending others, while high face threat includes direct resistance and indirect opposition. The extremely high face threat behavior mainly develops through two forms: the initial outbreak and the gradual eruption. Among them, moderate and moderate face-threatening behavior is the most obvious in college students' conflicting discourse. Due to the acceptability of "shortening the distance between the two sides", the positive face threat corresponding to the moderate face threat is slightly lower than the negative face threat corresponding to the moderate face threat. Secondly, the politeness remediation strategy, the tolerant angle of view, the guilty attitude and the third party intervention, in the alleviation university student discourse conflict outstanding application. Firstly, because of its "economy" and "modesty", the passive politeness strategies in remedial strategies are widely used by college students. Secondly, although there are many ways to achieve negative politeness strategies, the most common and effective ways for college students include inclusive perspective and apology. Finally, the third party intervention mode shows unique advantages in protecting both sides' face and plays an important role in resolving college students' conflicting discourse. The "double loss" mode and the "third party damage" mode are more common. In view of the shortcomings of this study, the future research should be based on the characteristics of Chinese culture, put forward a more perfect pragmatic politeness principle, and enlarge the scope of the object in the construction of corpus to ensure the objectivity of the study.
【学位授予单位】:南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:H136

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