《老残游记》双音词与《汉语大词典》相关问题研究
发布时间：2018-12-27 14:01
【摘要】：近年来,汉语专书研究开始进入人们的研究课题中。想要全面地了解汉语词汇史,就要对汉语各个时期的词汇系统作细致深入的研究。清末民初至五四时期是汉语发展的特殊阶段,刁晏斌先生将这一时期称为现代汉语前发展阶段,这一阶段上承近代汉语下启现代汉语,同时这一时期的词汇是汉语词汇史研究中一个重要组成部分,进行专书研究有助于探索这一阶段词汇系统以及词汇发展规律,甚至对整个汉语词汇史研究都大有裨益。本文选取现代汉语前发展阶段中的《老残游记》一书作为研究对象,对《老残游记》中切分出来的双音词进行研究。从构词方式上,将《老残游记》中的双音词分为单纯词与合成词。单纯词细分为联绵词、叠音词、音译词、拟声词,且逐一进行穷尽分析;合成词细分为复合式、附加式以及重叠式,在定量研究的基础上对双音合成词进行静态描写。最后,根据前人研究成果,通过历时与共时比较的方法,得出《老残游记》双音词的构词特点。语义上,对《老残游记》中的双音词进行同义词与反义词、单义词与多义词、特色语义场研究。同义词从等义词与近义词两个方面作研究,反义词从相对反义词与绝对反义词两个类别作研究;《老残游记》中有一部分多义词出现多次且义项各不相同;由《老残游记》的题材范围可分出政治、法律等特色语义场。词形上,《老残游记》中存在同素逆序词、异形词与同形异义词。同素逆序词分为二序共现与一序仅现两种情况;《老残游记》中有一部分词语与现代汉语中的词语在意义、用法上完全一致,但这部分词语现在已经不再使用,是现代汉语词语规范的对象;另外,《老残游记》中有一些词与现代汉语中的词语词形相同,但意义上没有任何联系,这样的词共有四个。在查阅《汉语大词典》的基础上,挖掘出《老残游记》中有价值的双音词。首先,《汉语大词典》中有一部分词以《老残游记》作为最早书证或唯一书证出现。最早书证说明这部分双音词产生时间的下限不晚于晚清,唯一书证说明该双音词有可能是《老残游记》中独有的。其次,由于《汉语大词典》在编纂过程中受到客观条件的限制,因而存在一些不足。根据《老残游记》双音词研究,针对立目商补、书证补充等方面对《汉语大词典》进行完善。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the study of Chinese books began to enter people's research topics. In order to understand the history of Chinese vocabulary, it is necessary to study the lexical system in every period of Chinese. The period from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the May 4th Movement was a special stage in the development of Chinese, which Mr. Diao Yanbin called the pre-development stage of modern Chinese, which inherited modern Chinese from the beginning of the Qing Dynasty to the beginning of the May 4th Movement. At the same time, vocabulary in this period is an important part of the study of Chinese lexical history. The study of specialized books will help to explore the lexical system and the rules of vocabulary development in this period, and even be of great benefit to the study of the whole history of Chinese vocabulary. This paper studies the dicyllabic words in the Pilgrimage of Lao can in the pre-development stage of modern Chinese as the research object. In terms of word-formation, the dicyllabic words in Laocan Journey are divided into simple words and compound words. Simple words are subdivided into compound words, duplicative words, transliterated words, onomatopoeia words, and one by one, and compound words are subdivided into compound, additional and reduplicative words. On the basis of quantitative study, the static description of binosyllabic compound words is carried out. Finally, according to the previous research results, by means of diachronic and synchronic comparison, the word-formation characteristics of Two-syllable words are obtained. Semantically, the synonyms and antonyms, mononyms and polysemous words in Laocan Journey are studied. Synonyms are studied from two aspects of synonyms and synonyms, while antonyms are studied from two categories: relative antonyms and absolute antonyms. From the subject matter scope of Lao can be divided into political, legal and other characteristics of semantic fields. In the form of words, there are converse words, abnormal words and isomorphic words in Laocan Journey. The converse word of the same element is divided into two kinds of cases: the two order co-occurrence and the first order only appear in two cases; There are some words in Laocan Journey that are completely consistent with the meaning and usage of the words in modern Chinese, but these words are no longer used now and are the object of the modern Chinese word standard. In addition, some words in Laocan Journey are the same as those in modern Chinese, but they have no relation in meaning. There are four such words. On the basis of consulting the Chinese Dictionary, the valuable disyllabic words in Old Cann Journey were excavated. First of all, some words in the Chinese Dictionary appear as the first or only book evidence. The earliest documentary evidence shows that the lower limit of the disyllabic word is no later than the late Qing Dynasty, and the only documentary evidence shows that the dicyllabic word may be unique to the Old Ceng Journey. Secondly, due to the limitation of objective conditions in compiling Chinese Dictionary, there are some shortcomings. According to the study of the double syllable words in Lao can's travels, the Chinese Dictionary is perfected in the aspects of the complement of lien quotient and the supplement of documentary evidence.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H134
[Abstract]:In recent years, the study of Chinese books began to enter people's research topics. In order to understand the history of Chinese vocabulary, it is necessary to study the lexical system in every period of Chinese. The period from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the May 4th Movement was a special stage in the development of Chinese, which Mr. Diao Yanbin called the pre-development stage of modern Chinese, which inherited modern Chinese from the beginning of the Qing Dynasty to the beginning of the May 4th Movement. At the same time, vocabulary in this period is an important part of the study of Chinese lexical history. The study of specialized books will help to explore the lexical system and the rules of vocabulary development in this period, and even be of great benefit to the study of the whole history of Chinese vocabulary. This paper studies the dicyllabic words in the Pilgrimage of Lao can in the pre-development stage of modern Chinese as the research object. In terms of word-formation, the dicyllabic words in Laocan Journey are divided into simple words and compound words. Simple words are subdivided into compound words, duplicative words, transliterated words, onomatopoeia words, and one by one, and compound words are subdivided into compound, additional and reduplicative words. On the basis of quantitative study, the static description of binosyllabic compound words is carried out. Finally, according to the previous research results, by means of diachronic and synchronic comparison, the word-formation characteristics of Two-syllable words are obtained. Semantically, the synonyms and antonyms, mononyms and polysemous words in Laocan Journey are studied. Synonyms are studied from two aspects of synonyms and synonyms, while antonyms are studied from two categories: relative antonyms and absolute antonyms. From the subject matter scope of Lao can be divided into political, legal and other characteristics of semantic fields. In the form of words, there are converse words, abnormal words and isomorphic words in Laocan Journey. The converse word of the same element is divided into two kinds of cases: the two order co-occurrence and the first order only appear in two cases; There are some words in Laocan Journey that are completely consistent with the meaning and usage of the words in modern Chinese, but these words are no longer used now and are the object of the modern Chinese word standard. In addition, some words in Laocan Journey are the same as those in modern Chinese, but they have no relation in meaning. There are four such words. On the basis of consulting the Chinese Dictionary, the valuable disyllabic words in Old Cann Journey were excavated. First of all, some words in the Chinese Dictionary appear as the first or only book evidence. The earliest documentary evidence shows that the lower limit of the disyllabic word is no later than the late Qing Dynasty, and the only documentary evidence shows that the dicyllabic word may be unique to the Old Ceng Journey. Secondly, due to the limitation of objective conditions in compiling Chinese Dictionary, there are some shortcomings. According to the study of the double syllable words in Lao can's travels, the Chinese Dictionary is perfected in the aspects of the complement of lien quotient and the supplement of documentary evidence.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H134
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