汉语比较句的混同发展与分立定型

发布时间：2019-03-18 11:15

【摘要】：作为汉语古今语序变革的经典案例,比较句的演变历来备受关注。但汉语比较句演变中的一些重要问题却并没有解决。本文在以往研究的基础上,结合汉语比较句语序类型的转变和句式结构的更替,展现在汉语孕育剧变的中古时期,无标记的比较句式普遍存在平比与差比歧义两解的复杂情形,而否定、疑问、假设等有标记的平比句式率先开启汉语比较句的语序变革表示差比,这或从某种程度上说明汉语平比句和差比句之间存在同源派生关系。伴随新兴比较词和框式介词等双重比较标记的出现,汉语的平比句与差比句在完成新旧语序更替的同时,也由起初的交织混同走向分立定型。
[Abstract]:As a classic case of word order change in ancient and modern Chinese, the evolution of comparative sentences has always been paid close attention to. However, some important problems in the evolution of Chinese comparative sentences have not been solved. On the basis of previous studies and combined with the change of word order type of Chinese comparative sentence and the replacement of sentence structure, this paper shows that in the middle ancient times when Chinese language gave birth to drastic changes, there are two complex cases of unmarked comparative sentence patterns: flat ratio and difference ratio ambiguity. Negative, interrogative, hypothetical and other marked sentence patterns are the first to turn on the transformation of the word order of Chinese comparative sentences to express the difference ratio, which indicates to some extent that there is a homogenous derivative relationship between the Chinese flat comparison sentence and the difference ratio sentence. With the appearance of double comparative markers, such as new comparative words and frame prepositions, the horizontal and differential sentences in Chinese not only complete the replacement of the new and old word order, but also change from the interleaving and mixing at the beginning to the discrete stereotyping.
【作者单位】：中国社科院外文所梵文研究中心;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大项目“功能—类型学取向的汉语语义演变研究”(14ZDB098)资助
【分类号】：H146

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