论蒙古语语境对语义的作用

发布时间：2019-03-18 11:33

【摘要】：语言是人类最主要的交际工具。交际过程中,说话者(或笔者)按照语法、语义搭配原则和语用习惯搭配使用各种语言单位,以表达自己的态度和意图。听者(或读者)正确理解这些语言单位的意义,并给出相应的反馈,交际才能继续。须知,听者能否正确理解说话者在交际过程中所使用的语言单位的意义及各语言单位之间的关系意义会直接影响交际效果。此外,结合实际语用环境理解各语言单位的意义在交际中也至关重要。在语言学、语义学研究中,语言单位所在的实际语用环境、交际环境统称为"语境"。语境对理解语义和语义表达都有重要作用。本文,基于蒙古语语义学语义场理论、语义组合和聚合关系、义素分析和义素搭配原则及语用学研究中"合作原则"等理论和方法,同时《清澈的塔米尔河》、《曙光》等丰富的蒙古语言材料为基础,举例论证语境对语义的作用。本文从语境使语义具体化、语境促使衍生新的语义和语境解释语义等三个方面阐释了语境对语义的作用。全文由绪论、第一章、第二章、第三章和结语五部分组成。绪论中,说明了选题目的及意义,介绍了国内外研究现状,并说明了研究方法和材料来源。第一章,论述了语境能使语义具体化的作用,并分别从语境使词语语义具体化、语境使词组语义具体化和语境使句义具体化等三个方面进行了论述。语境使词语语义具体化不仅涉及到多义词,还与词义扩大、词义缩小和词义产生转移的词语、书面语中同形词和口语中的同音词有关。同一词组在不同语境可作为自由词组也可作为固定短语,这类词组和蒙古语中表示多义的自由词组和固定短语的具体意义均需语境才能理解。第三节总结了蒙古语句子表示多义的原因有两个:句子由多义词和表示多义的词组组成;句子焦点所在位置的不同可使句义产生歧义。语境能使句义具体化。第二章,从语境促使衍生新的概念意义、在特殊语境中形成新的义素搭配、语境影响词语的感情色彩等三个方面举例论证了语境对语义的作用。在某些特殊语境,一个词语或词组可表示别的概念意义。义素搭配原则是判断词与词之间能否搭配的关键,一般情况下不符合义素搭配原则的结构都是没有意义的。可在特殊语境中,可形成新的义素搭配。词语按感情色彩分为褒义词、中性词和贬义词,具体语境中褒义词可以表达中性和贬义,中性词也可表示褒义和贬义,而贬义词也可以表达褒义和中性。离开特殊语境,这类临时性感情色彩意义就消失。第三章,论述语境对语义的解释作用。语境解释指示词的具体含义和话语深意,并采用蒙古语具体例子加以说明。指示词是指只有在具体语境中才能理解其含义的词语。交际过程中,交际任意一方不遵守交际"合作原则",即可产生某一话语深意。结语部分,概括全文内容,总结观点。
[Abstract]:Language is the most important tool of human communication. In the process of communication, the speaker (or author) uses various linguistic units in accordance with grammar, semantic collocation principles and pragmatic habits to express his attitude and intention. The listener (or reader) correctly understands the meaning of these linguistic units and gives feedback so that communication can continue. It is necessary to know whether the listener can correctly understand the meaning of the linguistic unit used by the speaker in the process of communication and the significance of the relationship between the linguistic units will directly affect the communicative effect. In addition, it is very important to understand the meaning of each language unit according to the practical pragmatic environment. In linguistics and semantics, the actual pragmatic environment in which the linguistic unit is located and the communicative environment are collectively referred to as "context". Context plays an important role in understanding semantic and semantic expression. In this paper, based on Mongolian semantic field theory, semantic combination and aggregation relationship, semantic element analysis and semantic collocation principle, and "cooperation principle" in pragmatics, at the same time, "clear Tamil River", Based on abundant Mongolian language materials such as dawning, this paper illustrates the role of context on semantics. This paper explains the effect of context on semantics from three aspects: context makes semantics concrete, context promotes the derivation of new semantics, and context interprets semantics. The full text consists of introduction, chapter one, chapter two, chapter three and conclusion. In the introduction, the purpose and significance of the topic selection are explained, the research status at home and abroad is introduced, and the research methods and material sources are explained. In the first chapter, the author discusses the role that context can make semantic concretization, and discusses three aspects: context, and context, respectively, from three aspects: context makes semantic concretization of words, context makes semantic concreteness of words, and context makes sentence meaning concrete. Context not only involves polysemy, but also relates to words which are expanded, narrowed and transferred, homomorphic words in written language and homophonic words in oral language, which are not only related to polysemy, but also related to the expansion of word meaning, the narrowing of word meaning and the transfer of word meaning. The same phrase can be regarded as either a free phrase or a fixed phrase in different contexts. The specific meanings of this kind of phrase and the free phrase and fixed phrase which express polysemy in Mongolian need to be understood by context. The third section summarizes two reasons why Mongolian sentence expresses polysemy: the sentence is composed of polysemous words and phrases, and the different position of sentence focus can cause ambiguity of sentence meaning. Context can make the meaning of the sentence concrete. The second chapter demonstrates the effect of context on semantics from three aspects: context promotes the derivation of new conceptual meaning, forms a new collocation of sememes in special context, and context affects the emotional color of words. In some particular contexts, a word or phrase can represent another conceptual meaning. The principle of collocation of sememes is the key to judge the collocation between words. In general, the structures which do not accord with the principle of collocation of sememes are meaningless. In a special context, a new collocation of sememes can be formed. Words are divided into commendatory words neutral words and derogatory words according to emotional color. In specific context commendatory words can express neutral and derogatory meanings neutral words can also express commendatory and derogatory meanings while derogatory words can also express commendatory and derogatory meanings. Away from the special context, this kind of temporary emotional meaning disappears. The third chapter discusses the semantic interpretation of context. Context explains the concrete meaning of the deixis and the deep meaning of the discourse, and uses Mongolian specific examples to illustrate. Deixis is a word that can understand its meaning only in concrete context. In the process of communication, if either party does not abide by the principle of cooperation in communication, the deep meaning of a certain discourse can be generated. The conclusion part, summarizes the full text content, summarizes the viewpoint.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H212

【相似文献】