“X式”区别词及其对外汉语教学

发布时间：2019-06-07 16:50

【摘要】：区别词是汉语词类系统中较为特殊的一类词,“X式”区别词是其中的一个小类。本文以“X式”区别词为研究对象,研究的内容包括“X式”区别词的句法功能及分类,“X式”区别词的表义类型,“X式”区别词在对外汉语教学中学习情况的考察,“X式”区别词的偏误类型及成因。针对“X式”区别词目前在对外汉语教学中出现的问题,我们提出一些具体可行的教学建议。我们充分考虑到对外汉语教学的特点,将“X式”区别词分为三种:修饰名词时带“的”,修饰名词时不带“的”,修饰名词时可带可不带“的”。从句法功能上看,“X式”区别词可以充当定语,能进入“是……的”结构中,对举使用时可以作主宾语,不受程度副词“很/太/非常”的修饰。从表义类型上看,我们将“X式”区别词分为描述和比况两大类,将描述类“X式”区别词分为形式类、状态类、泛化类,将比况类“X式”区别词分为特征类和身份类,且每个类型下面又进行了详细的划分。通过问卷调查结果,我们发现留学生学习“X式”区别词存在一些问题:初级留学生的句法功能、形式类和泛化类的“X式”区别词掌握得不够好;中级水平的留学生对特征类的“X式”区别词掌握得不是很好。高级水平的留学生对这些知识掌握得比较好。此外,我们通过对HSK语料库的分析统计,得出留学生学习“X式”区别词的偏误类型有:字词错误使用、“的”字的丢失、“很/太+ 'X式'区别词”的误用、修饰语发生错位、中心语的缺失以及“X式”区别词的并列问题。通过问卷调查和偏误分析,针对教材编排和教学过程,我们提出的教学建议有:采用直观性教学原则,采用循序渐进的教学原则,采用启发式的教学方法。最后,针对“X式”区别词的对外汉语教学,我们设计了一份教案。
[Abstract]:Distinguishing words are a special kind of words in Chinese part of speech system, and "X" distinguishing words are one of them. This paper takes the "X" discriminant as the research object, including the syntactic function and classification of the "X" discriminant, the semantic type of the "X" distinguished word, and the study of the "X" distinguished word in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The error types and causes of X-shaped distinguishing words. In view of the problems of "X" distinguishing words in teaching Chinese as a foreign language at present, we put forward some concrete and feasible teaching suggestions. Taking full account of the characteristics of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, we divide the distinguishing words of "X" into three categories: "with" when modifying nouns, "without" when modifying nouns, and "with or without" when modifying nouns. From the syntactic point of view, "X" discriminant can act as attributive, can enter "yes." In the structure, the use of lifting can be used as the subject and object, and is not modified by the degree adverb "very / too / very". From the point of view of semantic type, we divide the distinguishing words of "X form" into two categories: description and comparison, divide the distinguishing words of description class "X form" into formal class, state class and generalization class, and divide the distinguishing words of "X form" into feature class and identity class. And each type below has carried on the detailed division. Through the results of the questionnaire survey, we find that there are some problems in the study of "X" distinguishing words by foreign students: the syntactic function of junior students, the "X" distinguishing words of form class and generalization class are not well mastered well; Middle-level international students do not master the X-shaped distinguishing words of the feature class very well. International students at the advanced level have a good grasp of this knowledge. In addition, through the analysis and statistics of HSK corpus, it is concluded that the types of errors in learning "X" distinguishing words by foreign students are as follows: the wrong use of words, the loss of "X" words, and the misuse of "very / too'X 'distinguishing words". Modifiers are misplaced, the lack of central words and the juxtaposition of "X" distinguishing words. Through questionnaire survey and error analysis, in view of the arrangement and teaching process of teaching materials, we put forward some teaching suggestions: adopting the principle of intuitionistic teaching, adopting the principle of gradual and orderly teaching, and adopting heuristic teaching method. Finally, we design a teaching plan for the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195.3

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