宁波明清卫所驻地观海卫方言的社会语言学研究

发布时间：2019-06-27 18:32

【摘要】：卫所制度是明清时期重要的军政制度。作为明清时期重要的海防前线,浙江沿海一带分布着很多卫所,观海卫即为其中之一。它现名观海卫镇,是浙江省宁波市慈溪市的一个镇。观海卫于明洪武十九年(1386)奏定建卫,翌年成为沿海军事重镇。其间曾调福建福宁卫军士戍守,这些驻军所用的“燕话”又称“卫里话”或“城里话”,是当地的一个闽南方言岛,但是当地主要方言是吴语。“燕话”在使用人口、使用频率上并不占优势,使用范围也已变得日益狭隘。即使会讲“燕话”的人对“燕话”的情感态度也很消极,“燕话”正面临着濒危的危险。目前宁波明清卫所驻地方言的社会语言学研究基本处于空白阶段,本文从社会语言学角度,运用问卷调查和个别访谈相结合的研究方法,考察观海卫的语言使用状况和语言态度等,预测当地的方言变化趋势,并通过对观海卫的历史、地名、姓氏族谱、民俗等方面进行文献梳理与实地调查,从而探寻明清卫所驻地方言的历史演变特征。本文总共七个部分。第一章导论介绍了与本选题相关的研究现状以及观海卫的基本情况,并阐述了本选题的研究意义与研究方法;第二章是基于田野调查的观海卫语言生活状况报告;第三章从观海卫方言看明清卫所驻地方言的演变机制,并讨论了作为濒危方言性质的“燕话”在语言资源方面的保护对策;第四章将与明清卫所有关的观海卫镇境内的地名进行了分类,从地名看明清卫所的历史痕迹;第五章对观海卫居民的姓氏进行了文献梳理与田野调查,从姓氏看观海卫驻军的来源与构成。我们发现观海卫的主要居民在明清卫所驻军前就已在该地繁衍生息,当时驻军的大批姓氏除了迁自福建福宁卫(现霞浦县),还迁自温州乐清;第六章比较了观海卫与其属地宁波府以及其来源地闽南地区的部分民俗,揭示嘉靖万历年间,观海卫居民的风俗习惯大部分已经入乡随俗,卫所军事移民逐渐被当地同化;第七章为结语。本文的研究意义不但在于从社会语言学角度来观照观海卫的方言属性和演变的特征,为明清卫所驻地方言的发展研究提供一个比较典型的样本,同时,也有助于呼吁和推动对汉语濒危方言的记录、抢救和保护。
[Abstract]:The system of health station is an important military and political system in Ming and Qing dynasties. As an important front line of coastal defense in Ming and Qing dynasties, there are many guard stations along the coast of Zhejiang Province, and Guan Haiwei is one of them. It is now known as Guanhaowei Town, is a town in Cixi City, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province. Guan Haiwei played Jianwei in the 19th year of Ming Hongwu (1386) and became a coastal military town the following year. During this period, Funing Guard, Fujian Province, was assigned to guard the garrison. The "Yan dialect", also known as "Wei Li dialect" or "Chengli dialect", is a local Minnan dialect island, but the main local dialect is Wu dialect. Yan dialect is not dominant in population and frequency, and its scope of use has become narrower and narrower. Even those who can speak Yan dialect have a negative emotional attitude towards Yan dialect, which is facing the danger of endangerment. At present, the sociolinguistic research of Wei Institute dialects in Ningbo, Ming and Qing dynasties in Ningbo is basically in a blank stage. From the sociolinguistic point of view, this paper uses the research methods of questionnaire survey and individual interviews to investigate the language use and language attitude of Haiwei, to predict the changing trend of local dialects, and to sort out the literature and field investigation on the history, place names, surname genealogy and folklore of Guanhai Wei. In order to explore the historical evolution characteristics of Wei Su dialect in Ming and Qing dynasties. There are seven parts in this article. The first chapter introduces the research status related to this topic and the basic situation of watching Haiwei, and expounds the research significance and research methods of this topic; the second chapter is based on the field investigation of the report on the living conditions of the language of Guanhai Wei; the third chapter looks at the evolution mechanism of Weiwei dialect in Ming and Qing dynasties from the perspective of Guanhaiwei dialect, and discusses the protection countermeasures of language resources of Yan dialect, which is the nature of endangered dialects. The fourth chapter classifies the geographical names in Guanhai Wei Town related to the Ming and Qing dynasties, and looks at the historical traces of the Ming and Qing dynasties from the place names. The fifth chapter combs the literature and field investigation on the surnames of the residents of Guanhai Wei, and looks at the origin and composition of the garrison from the surnames. We found that the main residents of Guanhai Wei had flourished there before the Ming and Qing dynasties. At that time, a large number of surnames of the garrison moved not only from Funing Wei, Fujian (now Xiapu County), but also from Yueqing, Wenzhou. The sixth chapter compares the folk customs of Guanhai Wei with its dependent Ningbo government and its origin in southern Fujian, and reveals that most of the customs and habits of Guanhai Wei residents have gone according to the custom during the Jiajing Wanli period, and the military immigrants of Wei Institute have been gradually absorbed by the local people; the seventh chapter is the conclusion. The significance of this study is not only to observe the dialect attributes and evolution characteristics of Haiwei from the sociolinguistic point of view, and to provide a typical sample for the development of the dialects in Wei Institute in Ming and Qing dynasties, but also to call for and promote the recording, rescue and protection of endangered dialects of Chinese.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H177.2

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