普通话儿童“都”的量化方向习得研究
发布时间：2019-07-09 11:56
【摘要】：汉语全称量词"都"既可以量化其左边的Wh成分,也可以量化其右边的Wh成分。左向量化的Wh成分不表示疑问,而右向量化的Wh成分表示疑问。但对于没有"都"的否定疑问句来说,Wh疑问词在否定词"没"的左边还是右边,句子都表疑问。之前关于"都"的儿童语言习得研究发现4岁儿童掌握"都"的左向量化。目前还没有关于"都"的右向量化的儿童语言习得研究。本研究旨在考察汉语普通话儿童对"都"的右向量化的掌握情况,共包括三个实验。实验一测试儿童对左向量化和右向量化的区分,测试句如"小熊什么都没吃"和"小熊都没吃什么"。"都"的左向量化表陈述,而右向量化表疑问。实验二测试儿童对没有"都"的否定Wh疑问句的理解,且为考察"都"的作用将其结果与实验一对比。测试句如"小熊什么没吃"和"小熊没吃什么"。由于位于"都"或"没"右边的Wh疑问词都表示疑问,而且也都要求穷尽性回答,因此对比这两种结构可以考察儿童穷尽性回答是否有量的差异。实验三测试儿童对"都"的量化方向的偏好,测试句如"小熊和小兔都吃了什么",左向量化理解的回答是小熊和小兔吃的相同的东西,而右向量化理解的是小熊和小兔分别吃的东西。实验发现:(1)至少4岁儿童习得"都"的左向和右向量化,3岁儿童虽区分左向和右向量化,但左向量化能力还没有达到成人水平;(2)"都"对于儿童理解句子有"质"和"量"的影响,这说明儿童是加工"都"的;(3)儿童偏好右向量化,成人则无此偏好。本论文认为至少4岁儿童掌握"都"的量化方向,儿童对于"都"右向量化的偏好反映了非语法因素的影响。
[Abstract]:The Chinese full name quantifier "du" can quantify both the Wh component on the left and the Wh component on the right. The left quantitative Wh component does not indicate doubt, while the right quantized Wh component indicates doubt. However, for the negative interrogative sentence without "du", the Wh interrogative word is on the left or right side of the negative word "no". Previous studies on children's language acquisition in du have found that 4-year-old children master the left quantification of du. At present, there is no right quantitative study on children's language acquisition in du. The purpose of this study was to investigate the right quantitative mastery of du in Chinese Putonghua children, including three experiments. In the first experiment, children were tested for the distinction between left quantification and right quantification, and the test sentences such as "bear ate nothing" and "bear ate nothing". "du" left vector table statement, while right vector table question. In experiment 2, children's understanding of negative Wh interrogative sentences without "du" was tested, and the results were compared with those of experiment 1 in order to investigate the role of "du". Test sentences such as "Bear didn't eat" and "Bear didn't eat anything." Since the Wh interrogative words on the right side of "du" or "no" express questions and require exhaustive answers, the comparison between the two structures can be used to see if there is a quantitative difference in children's exhaustive answers. In experiment 3, the children's preference for the quantitative direction of "du" was tested, and the test sentences such as "what did the bear and the rabbit eat". The answer of the left quantitative understanding was that the bear and the rabbit ate the same food, while the right direction understood what the bear and the rabbit ate respectively. It is found that: (1) at least 4 years old children acquire left and right quantification of "du", although 3 year old children distinguish between left direction and right direction quantification, the ability of left direction quantification has not reached the adult level; (2) "du" has the effect of "quality" and "quantity" on children's understanding of sentences, which indicates that children process "du"; (3) Children prefer right direction quantification, but adults have no such preference. This paper holds that at least 4 years old children master the quantitative direction of "du", and children's preference for "du" right quantification reflects the influence of non-grammatical factors.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H193.1
本文编号：2512129
[Abstract]:The Chinese full name quantifier "du" can quantify both the Wh component on the left and the Wh component on the right. The left quantitative Wh component does not indicate doubt, while the right quantized Wh component indicates doubt. However, for the negative interrogative sentence without "du", the Wh interrogative word is on the left or right side of the negative word "no". Previous studies on children's language acquisition in du have found that 4-year-old children master the left quantification of du. At present, there is no right quantitative study on children's language acquisition in du. The purpose of this study was to investigate the right quantitative mastery of du in Chinese Putonghua children, including three experiments. In the first experiment, children were tested for the distinction between left quantification and right quantification, and the test sentences such as "bear ate nothing" and "bear ate nothing". "du" left vector table statement, while right vector table question. In experiment 2, children's understanding of negative Wh interrogative sentences without "du" was tested, and the results were compared with those of experiment 1 in order to investigate the role of "du". Test sentences such as "Bear didn't eat" and "Bear didn't eat anything." Since the Wh interrogative words on the right side of "du" or "no" express questions and require exhaustive answers, the comparison between the two structures can be used to see if there is a quantitative difference in children's exhaustive answers. In experiment 3, the children's preference for the quantitative direction of "du" was tested, and the test sentences such as "what did the bear and the rabbit eat". The answer of the left quantitative understanding was that the bear and the rabbit ate the same food, while the right direction understood what the bear and the rabbit ate respectively. It is found that: (1) at least 4 years old children acquire left and right quantification of "du", although 3 year old children distinguish between left direction and right direction quantification, the ability of left direction quantification has not reached the adult level; (2) "du" has the effect of "quality" and "quantity" on children's understanding of sentences, which indicates that children process "du"; (3) Children prefer right direction quantification, but adults have no such preference. This paper holds that at least 4 years old children master the quantitative direction of "du", and children's preference for "du" right quantification reflects the influence of non-grammatical factors.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H193.1
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