19世纪末俄国文学中的人民与文化问题

发布时间：2017-12-26 21:39

本文关键词：19世纪末俄国文学中的人民与文化问题　出处：《学习与探索》2016年09期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：文艺的人民性是当代马克思主义文艺思想最核心的概念之一。从马克思和恩格斯早年关注民间文艺,到19世纪中期鼓励工人阶级的诗歌,再到列宁在20世纪初明确提出"艺术属于人民",马克思主义经典作家在欧洲进步文艺观念发展的基础上把文艺的人民性思想提升到了历史唯物主义和辩证唯物主义的新高度。马克思主义文艺思想的人民性原则不仅是一个思想立场的原则,还体现为对人民大众喜闻乐见的文艺形式与文艺载体新技术发展趋势的特别关注。在世界进步文艺思想发展的历程中,以普希金、果戈理、涅克拉索夫、陀思妥耶夫斯基、车尔尼雪夫斯基、列夫·托尔斯泰和高尔基为代表的俄国进步文学家对人民性概念的丰富和发展又做出了特殊的贡献。普希金和十二月党诗人继承了启蒙主义传统,强调文艺要关注人民的解放;果戈理把人民性更进一步地与文化的民族特色之艺术表达紧密相连;涅克拉索夫直接赋予了诗歌创作为人民首先是为苦难农民代言的神圣使命;陀思妥耶夫斯基主张文学家要像普希金那样与人民保持血肉相连的密切关系;列夫·托尔斯泰身体力行地书写宏大的人民历史的文学主题;契诃夫呼应托尔斯泰等前辈的人民性思想传统,力求扩展人民概念的内涵,争取广泛阶层的文化民主权利。俄国经典作家在文学人民性思想发展中做出了自己的努力,深化了人民性的思想内蕴,从而成为列宁主义文艺人民性思想构建的重要文化资源。在当代,学习践行马克思主义文艺学的人民性思想,重温世界进步文学思想的人民性传统,努力做到文艺家和文艺批评家为人民服务、为社会主义服务,是繁荣和发展社会主义文艺的根本要求。
[Abstract]:The people's character of literature and art is one of the most important concepts of contemporary Marx's thought of literature and art. From Marx and Engels's early focus on folk art, to encourage the working class to the middle of nineteenth Century poetry, then to Lenin at the beginning of twentieth Century clearly put forward the "art belongs to the people", based on Marx and Engels in the development of the concept of Europe on the progress to enhance the people's ideological literature to a new height of historical materialism and dialectical materialism. The principle of affinity to people in Marx's literary and artistic thoughts is not only a principle of ideological stand, but also a special concern for the popular literature and art carriers and the trend of new technology development. In the course of progress in the world literary theory development, by Pushkin, Gogol, Nekrasov and Dostoevsky Russian writer Jef J Ki Chernyshev J Ki, with progress, Lev Troels and Golgi as the representative of the enrichment and development of people's concept and has made special contribution. Pushkin and the December party poets inherited the tradition of the enlightenment, the emphasis on attention to the liberation of the people; the people of Gogol further art and culture of the ethnic characteristics of the expression are closely linked; Nekrasov directly gives poetry for the people first is a sacred mission for the suffering farmers endorsement; Dostoevsky advocate writers like Pushkin have close relationship with people to keep the Lev Tolstoy grand writing related by flesh and blood; the people's history personally literary theme; Chekhov echoed the thought of people's traditional Tolstoy and other predecessors, and strive to expand people's connotation of the concept of rights for the wide range of democratic culture. Russian classical writers made their efforts in the development of the thought of people's literature, deepened the connotation of people's thoughts, and became an important cultural resource of Lenin's idea of literature and art. In the contemporary era, learning and practicing the people's ideology of Marx's literature and art, reviewing the people's tradition of the progressive literary thoughts of the world, and making efforts to serve the people and critics of literature and art, serving socialism, are the fundamental requirements for the prosperity and development of socialist literature and art.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院外国文学研究所;
【分类号】：I512.06
【正文快照】： 一俄国最优秀的文学家,无论出身贵族或是平民,无论倾向革命或是改良,无论信奉科学或者宗教,在热爱人民的感情和捍卫人民利益的决心上都是一致的,都为俄国文化中的人民性做出了自己的贡献。但是以暴力和掠夺为基础的农奴制压迫,千百年来在地主老爷与劳动人民之间造成尖锐的利益

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