权力与反抗—福柯式解读《瓦解》中人物

发布时间：2018-01-09 15:13

本文关键词：权力与反抗—福柯式解读《瓦解》中人物　出处：《云南师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在《瓦解》中,契阿努·阿契贝为读者生动地描绘了一幅尼日利亚部落原始生活图以及描述殖民者的到来对原始部落的影响。前人对小说的研究集中于女性主义、心理分析、后殖民理论、语言特点及作者阿契贝对尼日利亚发展出路探索等方面。其中主人公奥贡喀沃是主要研究对象。本论文试图通过福柯的权力与反抗的理论来分析小说中各个人物对不同权力的反抗及其规训,得出非洲原始部落瓦解的原因。主要应用了福柯的权力与反抗的理论中的权力与反抗,权力的无主体性及流动性,权力的规训。而这在前人研究中尚未涉足。在权力的反抗理论中福柯介绍了只要有权力的存在就会有对权力的反抗;权力的无主体性及流动性是强调权力在不断流动着,没有人能一直是权力的持有者;权力的规训是指统治者为了统治会设置各种机构来对被统治者进行规训。论文主要讨论了三个方面。第一部分分析奥贡喀沃,奥比埃诺卡以及恩沃依对权力的反抗。作为小说《瓦解》的主人翁,奥贡喀沃用尽了毕生精力去反对父权,只要是父亲乌诺卡身上的特点,奥贡喀沃统统否定。同时作为传统文化的代表自己却在无形中反抗着自己的本族文化。而对西方传教士的到来,奥贡喀沃强烈反对,以至于其最后为此献身。而奥比埃诺卡在小说《瓦解》中出现频率不高,却是整个部落里为数不多的智者。他并不是一味地维护氏族文化而是在对其进行反抗。恩沃依对本氏族传统采取了坚决的反抗,最终放弃自己的传统,走向基督教文化。第二部分介绍在教堂与市场权力之间的流动。市场在氏族中占据重要地位,是裁判、摔跤比赛等重要事件的集合点,是氏族文化权力的代表。而英国传教士到乌姆奥菲亚并修建了法院。随着英国传教士势力扩大,逐渐取代了氏族市场的地位。第三部分分析当地宗教及传教士对氏族部落的不同规训手段。无论是氏族首领还是基督教传教士都分别在对当地族人进行规训,其中包括树立各种神,修教堂,建学校等。而当地文化由于其自身的缺陷及英国基督教的强势进入下最终走向瓦解。本论文的结论是,非洲原始部落的瓦解原因之一是其文化自身的不足;加之西方文化的到来,传统文化无法与之抗衡,非洲原始部落文化逐渐失去领导地位并走向消亡。所以,文化的衰败是整个氏族瓦解的根本原因。这一观点对相关国家在现代化建设过程中强化发展文化软实力的努力具有借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:In disintegrate. Cheanu Achibe vividly depicts for the reader a picture of the primitive life of the Nigerian tribe and the impact of the arrival of the colonists on the primitive tribes. Previous studies of novels have focused on feminism and psychoanalysis. Post-colonial theory. The main research object is Ogonkavo, the protagonist. This thesis attempts to analyze the characters in the novel through Foucault's theory of power and resistance. Resistance to different powers and discipline. The main reasons for the disintegration of African primitive tribes are the application of Foucault's theory of power and resistance, the insubjectivity and mobility of power. The discipline of power. But this has not been involved in previous studies. In the theory of resistance to power, Foucault introduced that as long as there is power, there will be resistance to power; The non-subjectivity and mobility of power emphasize the continuous flow of power, and no one can always be the holder of power; The discipline of power refers to the rulers who set up various institutions to discipline the rulers for the rule. This paper mainly discusses three aspects. The first part is the analysis of Ogonkavo. Obi-Enocal and Nvoi's revolt against power. As the master of the novel, Ogonkavo devoted his life to opposing paternity, as long as it was a characteristic of his father, Unoka. At the same time, as the representative of traditional culture, Ogonkavo resisted his own culture invisibly. However, Ogonkavo strongly opposed the arrival of Western missionaries. So much so that he died in the end, and Obi-Enoka did not appear very frequently in the novel "collapse". But he was one of the few wise men in the tribe. He did not simply defend the clan culture but revolted against it. Envoi resisted his clan's traditions firmly and eventually gave up his own. The second part introduces the flow between church and market power. The market plays an important role in the clan and is the gathering point of important events such as referees wrestling competitions and so on. British missionaries went to Umm Ophelia and built courts. As British missionaries expanded their influence. Gradually replaced the status of the clan market. The third part of the analysis of the local religion and missionaries of the clan tribal discipline means. Whether the clan leaders or Christian missionaries are in the discipline of the local people. These include the establishment of a variety of gods, church, school, etc., and the local culture due to its own defects and the British Christian power into the final collapse. The conclusion of this paper is. One of the reasons for the disintegration of the primitive tribes in Africa is the deficiency of their own culture. In addition, the arrival of Western culture, traditional culture can not compete with it, African primitive tribal culture gradually lost its leadership and towards the demise. The decline of culture is the fundamental cause of the disintegration of the whole clan, which is useful for the countries concerned to strengthen their efforts to develop the soft power of culture in the process of modernization.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I437.074

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