《浮士德》中的学者形象——“没有约束的现代性”之前现代图解

发布时间：2018-01-10 06:11

本文关键词：《浮士德》中的学者形象——“没有约束的现代性”之前现代图解　出处：《中国比较文学》2017年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：歌德之《浮士德:一部悲剧》的主人公是一位学者和知识人。随时间推移,歌德对学者的塑造发生变化。第一阶段(1770年代)基本继承中世纪晚期/近代早期的学者讽刺传统,讽刺经院学者的迂腐和骄傲;创作的第二阶段(1800年前后)着力展示学者如何依靠智识背弃神灵,开始与魔鬼结盟以使膨胀的欲望付诸实现;创作的最后阶段(1830年前后),学者已成为科学家和学界教皇,僭越造物秩序进行人造人的实验。浮士德学者形象的演变表明,当受激情驱使的欲望取代实践理性,人失去"至高的善"引导,将没有约束的意志付诸行动,则终将导致对权力的无限攫取,走上改造自然和摧毁旧秩序的道路。歌德以人的理性和智识的代表——学者为例,图解了"没有约束的现代性"的前现代渊源。
[Abstract]:The protagonist of Goethe's Faust: a tragedy is a scholar and an intellectual. Over time. In the first stage of 1770's, Goethe basically inherits the satirical tradition of scholars in the late Middle Ages and early modern times, and satirizes the pedantic and proud scholars of the Scholars. The second stage of creation (around 1800) shows how scholars rely on wisdom to turn away from the gods and begin to form an alliance with the devil in order to realize their expanding desire. The final stage of creation (around 1830, scholars have become scientists and academic Pope, unauthorised creation order to carry out artificial human experiments. Faustus scholar image evolution shows. When the desire driven by passion replaces practical reason, people lose the guidance of "supreme goodness" and put the unrestrained will into action, which will eventually lead to the unlimited seizure of power. On the road of reforming nature and destroying the old order, Goethe illustrated the pre-modern origin of "unconstrained modernity" with the example of the representative of human reason and wisdom, the scholar.
【作者单位】：北京大学外国语学院德语系;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大项目“歌德全集翻译”(编号:14ZDB090)阶段性成果
【分类号】：I516.073
【正文快照】： 引言最熟悉的往往最容易被忽视。歌德的《浮士德:一部悲剧》纵然是一部人间大戏,上演了世间百态,但其主人公的身份却始终是一位学者。历史上和文学传统中的浮士德是一位学者。歌德在上大学期间开始创作《浮士德》,原想借用这一形象,沿讽刺文学传统,讽刺当时经院生活的迂腐和

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