荒谬的自由—对《白鲸》中亚哈船长毁灭之路的解读

发布时间：2018-01-14 10:11

本文关键词：荒谬的自由—对《白鲸》中亚哈船长毁灭之路的解读　出处：《云南师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：赫尔曼·麦尔维尔生前创作生涯十分坎坷,然而自20世纪20年代以来,他凭借其航海作品和海洋题材的小说在美国文坛上取得了崇高的地位,被视为19世纪最杰出的浪漫主义作家之一。目前为止,国内外许多学者从生态主义、意象、圣经、神话和叙事策略等角度研究了该作品。尽管有一些学者从存在主义角度分析过《白鲸》,但他们从未回答过亚哈为什么选择这条毁灭之路,以及通过杀死白鲸他获得了什么这两个问题。加缪的荒诞主义理论围绕着一个根本问题展开,即一旦个体意识到生命的无意义和荒谬,自杀是否就成为了解决之道。加缪接受荒谬的事实,认为反抗源于对荒谬的完全接受。而致命的反抗就是希望,超越此生,重新赋予生命意义与价值。正如加缪的著作《荒谬的自由》所表达,人意识到身边无处不在的荒谬,随之产生荒诞激情促使他反抗荒谬,致命的反抗反过来放大人的自由并吞噬荒谬。借助这一理论我们可以分析,亚哈船长是如何产生这种毁灭性意志?是怎样的一种激情支撑着他坚持对抗到死亡的最后一刻?亚哈船长的死对于消解荒谬有什么意义?本文共由五章组成。第一章主要对作家麦尔维尔及其作品《白鲸》进行简要介绍。第二章对近年来国内外学者对这部作品的研究评论进行了总结。第三章阐释了本文所采用的批评方法--加缪的荒诞理论,同时阐述了其所属的派别存在主义。第四章是本文最重要的论述部分,主要讨论了以下问题:1.19世纪,工业革命的社会弊病日益显露,环境问题、贫富差距、种族歧视及宗教模糊等使人陷入种种心灵困境;内在世界里亚哈船长的绝对力量、权威和孤独造成了其内心的自我异化,这一切使亚哈船长感知到世界的荒谬;2.一旦荒谬被意识,亚哈船长必然开始他的反抗—选择坚持捕杀恶魔般白鲸的毁灭之路。白鲸不仅是邪恶的化身更是亚哈眼中荒谬的符号;3.这条毁灭之路不仅是对于善恶的道德探索,更是亚哈船长寻求的一种颠覆既定命运、瓦解荒谬与无意义的途径,是一种对上帝的反抗。同时,这种毁灭式的反抗消解和吞噬了所有的荒谬,并使个体获得最终的生命价值和自由。最后一章为本文的结论部分,亚哈的毁灭之路源于其周围无处不在的荒诞,通过追杀白鲸形式的反抗,亚哈反抗了无能的上帝,消解了荒谬,并最终获得了荒谬的自由。
[Abstract]:Helman Melville had a rough career, but since 1920s, he has gained a high place in American literature with his nautical works and oceanic novels. In 19th century, it was regarded as one of the most outstanding Romantic writers. So far, many scholars at home and abroad from ecologism, imagery, the Bible. Although some scholars have analyzed Moby Dick from the perspective of existentialism, they have never answered why Ahab chose this path of destruction. Camus' theory of absurdity revolves around the fundamental question of once an individual realizes the senseless and absurd nature of life. Suicide is the solution. Camus accepts the absurd fact that resistance originates from the complete acceptance of absurdity. And deadly revolt is hope beyond this life. Reassign meaning and value to life. As Camus's book "absurd Freedom" expresses, man is aware of the absurdity around him, which leads him to resist absurdity. Deadly revolt, in turn, magnifies human freedom and devours absurdity. With this theory, we can analyse how Captain Ahab produced this destructive will. What kind of passion sustained him to stand up to the last moment of his death? What is the significance of Captain Ahab's death in dispelling the absurdity? This paper consists of five chapters. The first chapter mainly introduces Melville and his work beluga whale. The second chapter summarizes the domestic and foreign scholars' comments on this work in recent years. The third chapter explains. The critical method used in this paper is Camus' absurd theory. Chapter 4th is the most important part of this paper, which mainly discusses the following problems: 1.19 century, the social ills of the industrial revolution are emerging day by day, environmental problems. The gap between the rich and the poor, racial discrimination and religious ambiguity make people fall into various spiritual dilemmas; The absolute power, authority and loneliness of Captain Ahab in the inner world caused his inner self alienation, which made Captain Ahab aware of the absurdity of the world. 2. Once the absurdity is conscious, Captain Ahab must begin his resistance-insisting on the destruction of the evil beluga whale. Beluga whale is not only the embodiment of evil, but also the absurd symbol in Ahab's eyes; 3. This path of destruction is not only a moral exploration of good and evil, but also a way of subverting the established destiny, disintegrating the absurd and meaningless, and a revolt against God. At the same time. This destructive resistance dispels and devours all the absurdity and makes the individual obtain the ultimate life value and freedom. The last chapter is the conclusion of this article. Ahab's path of destruction originates from the absurdity around him. By pursuing beluga-like resistance, Ahab fought against the incompetent God, dispelled the absurdity, and ended up with absurd freedom.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074

【相似文献】