昆仑山与须弥山：中印宇宙观神话的比较研究

发布时间：2018-01-21 20:09

本文关键词： 宇宙观神话融合比较　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自有思维开始,人类的先民们就开始构想所处世界的结构与状貌,这些构思、想象并没有如云烟一般消散,而是留存在他们的神话中,至今仍可看到踪迹。许多文明都有这样的神话,宇宙原本混沌,后从它的中心处生发出整个世界,而这个中心一般有一座高可通天的高山(或柱子)作为标志,世界围绕它如何分布、构造如何,就是宇宙观神话。以昆仑山为中心的世界构成神话是中国的宇宙观神话。因它具备大地之中、天梯、河源等特征,在整个华夏民族的心具中有十分崇高的地位。上古时期,昆仑山宇宙观神话已被记录在《山海经》、《淮南子》等典籍中,至东汉时佛教传入,带来了印度的须弥山宇宙观神话。因具有相似的宇宙山特征,须弥山神话慢慢与中国本土的昆仑山神话相融合,导致了一系列地理学和宗教学上的误解。本文的研究着眼于对两种神话的源头详加梳理,揭示其各自的文化渊源和文化内涵,以及随着文化传播而揉合为一的演变之迹。通过文献梳理、分析,可以发现昆仑宇宙观神话与须弥宇宙观神话,在魏晋南北朝时期初步融合,从汉译佛经将二者相混开始,逐渐有很多汉籍被影响,先是志怪小说,后至地理著作,这也使得人们看待这二者的眼光由神话学转向地理学。至清代时,人们对二者的关注与研究基本完全从神话层面转移到地理层面,追求找到二者在现实地理上的对应远甚于探讨二者的关系,昆仑山的神圣性大大丧失。
[Abstract]:With the beginning of their own thinking, the ancestors of mankind began to conceive of the structure and appearance of the world in which they lived. These ideas, which were not dissipated like clouds and smoke, remained in their mythology. Many civilizations have such myths that the universe, originally chaotic, spawns out the whole world from its center, which is usually marked by a high mountain (or pole) high enough to pass through the sky. How the world distributes and constructs around it is the myth of cosmology. The world centered on the Kunlun Mountains is the myth of Chinese cosmology, because it has the characteristics of the earth, the ladder and the source of the river. In the heart of the whole Chinese nation has a very high status. In the ancient times, the myth of Kunlun Mountain cosmology has been recorded in the "Mountain and Sea Classic", "Huainan Zi" and other ancient books, to the Eastern Han Dynasty Buddhism was introduced. Because of the similar characteristics of the universe mountain, the myth of Xumishan gradually merged with the Kunlun Mountain myth of China. This paper focuses on sorting out the source of the two myths and revealing their respective cultural origins and cultural connotations. By combing and analyzing the literature, it can be found that the myth of Kunlun cosmology and the myth of Xuya cosmology were initially integrated in the Wei, Jin and the Southern and Northern dynasties. From the Chinese Buddhist scriptures to the mixing of the two, gradually a lot of Han nationality was affected, first strange novels, then to geographical works, which also made people look at these two eyes from mythology to geography, until the Qing Dynasty. People's attention and research on both of them are completely transferred from mythical to geographical level, and the pursuit of finding their correspondence in real geography is far more than discussing their relationship, and the sanctity of Kunlun Mountain has been greatly lost.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I106.7-03

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