试论布宁小说集《幽暗的林荫小径》中的道路母题

发布时间：2018-02-20 23:57

本文关键词： 布宁《幽暗的林荫小径》母题道路　出处：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：伊凡·阿列克谢耶维奇·布宁(1870-1953)是第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的俄罗斯作家,也是二十世纪俄罗斯文学史上公认的语言大师。短篇小说集《幽暗的林荫小径》是布宁在1937至1944年侨居国外时创作完成的。集子收录38篇作品(后增至40篇),被誉为"爱情的百科全书"。集子中每个故事都独立完整,各自都有其不同的主人公和情节。但是这些独立的故事通过"道路"这一母题巧妙地结合在一起,作家独到的构思技巧及创作特色也正表现于此。母题的概念最初产生于音乐学,用来描述乐曲中最小的具有重复性的音乐单位。俄罗斯文艺学界对母题的研究始于19世纪初期,当时主要用于分析民间文学。在俄罗斯文化和文学中,道路是十分重要的经典母题。文学名著中经常出现这一母题。如卡拉姆津的《一个俄国旅行家的书信》,果戈理的《死魂灵》,拉吉舍夫的《从彼得堡到莫斯科旅行记》等。不少文学批评家都用道路母题作为切入点分析经典作品。布宁被称为俄罗斯白银时代"最后的古典主义作家"。他的创作从内容和形式上都继承了俄罗斯的文学传统。道路是布宁创作中的一个重要母题,它体现在布宁各个时期的作品中。布宁曾将自己的生命比喻成一条路,它始于黑暗也在黑暗中终结。根据俄国形式主义学者托马舍夫斯基的观点,"母题是作品主题的一部分,即作品意旨的意思"。本文以《幽暗的林荫小径》为分析文本,以"道路"为红线,拟对单篇小说中的主题思想作深入挖掘,并拟对各篇小说之间的相互联系,对小说集的内容和形式作整体观照,以期揭示出作家充满矛盾的世界观和极富个性的创作特征,总结出作家晚期作品中所蕴含的哲学、美学,甚至是生理学的深刻根源。本文旨在以道路母题为切入点,以俄罗斯语言与文化中的道路观为依据,归纳、总结小说集《幽暗的林荫小径》中道路母题的直接和间接体现,解读"布宁之路"的文学特色。主要运用主题学中的"母题研究法",兼用描述,分类等方法。第一章阐述母题的概念和母题分析法,并梳理布宁创作各阶段中的道路母题。第二章以俄罗斯文化"道路观"中的核心概念为依据,梳理归纳文集《幽暗的林荫小径》中道路母题的直接体现,揭示布宁之路的特点及其哲学内涵。文集中道路母题的体现主要有两种方式:一种是直接出现与道路相关的词语;另一种是以道路观念辐射范围内的"变体"表现道路母题。本文作者认为,对道路的直接描写首先是针对各种不同的"路":林荫路、街道、铁路、村道、公路、地下铁道、山路;其次是走廊、桥和人物移动的轨迹路线等另一类道路。第三章以俄罗斯文化"道路观"三个辐射方面—一道路的主体,道路的障碍,道路的基础设施为出发点,论析道路母题在文集中的间接体现,揭示其在文本中的作用。本章主要总结道路母题在文集中以变体形式的复现,并将道路观念辐射范围的其他概念与《幽暗的林荫小径》文集内容相结合加以考察,这些概念有人(旅客、行人、客人),物(交通工具),客观因素(如天气、距离、时间),主观因素(等待、疲劳、害怕)等。结语部分对论文基本观点做了总结,对道路母题在小说集中的特色做了归纳。通过对小说集中道路母题及其变体的提炼与分析,揭示作家对爱情、死亡、生命、家乡等经典命题的独到见解。这种见解正浓缩在"生命之路"和"精神之路"之中,使得整个小说集笼罩在"幽暗"的氛围中。
[Abstract]:Ivan Alexeyevich Bunin (1870-1953) was the first winner of the Nobel prize for literature in twentieth Century is also the language of Russian writer, recognized the history of Russian literature master. A collection of short stories "the dark forest trail" is Bunin completed creation in 1937 to 1944 abroad. The collection included 38 Works (after to 40), known as the "love encyclopedia". Each story in the collection is complete, each has its different characters and plot. But these separate stories by "road" this motif cleverly combined together, the idea of skills and creative characteristics of the original writer also expresses this. The definition of motif was born in music, used to describe a repetition of the smallest unit of music. Music began in the early nineteenth Century of the Russian literary circle motif, which was mainly used for the analysis of folk literature. In the Russian culture and literature, the road is very important. The classic theme of this motif appears frequently. Such as karamsin literature masterpiece "a Russian traveler's letter", Gogol's dead souls of Raj Scherf < >, < > trip from St. Petersburg to Moscow. Many literary critics as a motif the starting point of the classic road. Bunin is known as the Russian Silver Age "last classical writers". His works from the content and form have inherited the Russian literary tradition. The road is an important theme in Bunin's works, it is now Bunin works of each period. Bunin had his own life is like a road, it started in the end of the dark in the dark. According to Russian formalism scholar Tomashevsky's view, "motif is a part of the theme of the work, that work will mean." according to " The dark shaded path "as the analysis of the text, with the" road "for the red line, tries to dig deeper into one single novel in theme, and to be on the relationship between the novel and the content and form of the novel in the whole perspective, in order to reveal the author creation features contradictory world outlook and full of personality, summed up the writer in the late works contains philosophy, aesthetics, and even profound root physiology. This paper aims at taking the road motif as the starting point, according to the Russian language and culture summed up the road view, directly and indirectly reflect the road summarizes dark forest trail set < > motif the characteristic of literary interpretation of" Bunin road ". The main theme in" motif research method ", and describe classification methods. The first chapter discusses the concept and motif analysis of motif, and comb Bunin creation in different stages of road base In the second chapter. The core concept of Russian culture "in the view of the road" on the basis of summing up the road directly reflects the dark forest trail anthology < > motif, reveals the characteristics of Bunin road and its philosophical connotation. The motif of the road embodied mainly in two ways: one is directly related with the road words; another is the concept of road radiation within the scope of the "variant" road motif. The author believes that the direct description of the road is the first for a variety of "road": Avenue, street, Village Road, highway, railway, underground railway, road and bridge corridor; second is, character movement the track route another road. In the third chapter of Russian culture "road view" the three main aspects of radiation - a road, road barrier, road infrastructure as a starting point, on the road to indirectly reflect the motif in the anthology, reveal its In the text. This chapter summarizes the road motif in the anthology to reproduce the variant forms, and other concepts of radiation range road concept and the dark shaded path. < > combining content to be investigated, some of these concepts (passengers, pedestrians, guests), physical (Transportation), objective factors (such as weather, distance, time), subjective factors (wait, fatigue, fear). The conclusion part summarizes the basic views on the road motif in the novel concentration characteristics were summarized. Through the analysis of road extraction and concentrated on novel motif and its variants, reveal the author of love, life and death. Hometown of classical propositional insights. This view is concentrated in the "road of life" and "spiritual path", which makes the whole novel shrouded in the "dark" atmosphere.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I512.074

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