伦理悲剧中的预言与犯罪:重读《麦克白》

发布时间：2018-03-02 10:00

本文关键词： 《麦克白》预言伦理结伦理选择犯罪　出处：《外国文学研究》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：本文试以文学伦理学批评方法解读《麦克白》,重新探讨女巫预言的作用和犯罪的过程,指出戏剧实质为伦理悲剧。女巫的预言对于伦理结的预设起了重要作用,麦克白听信了女巫的预言采取行动,使整部悲剧围绕"弑君篡位"这条伦理主线展开。而在这条伦理主线上,又逐渐生出其他伦理结,比如麦克白杀死班柯、追杀班柯后代、杀害苏格兰贵族麦克德夫家人,以及马尔康替父报仇等,内容涉及到伦理选择、伦理禁忌、犯罪、复仇等。因此,悲剧根源并非来自女巫预言,而是斯芬克斯因子在人物道德构建和伦理选择中作用的结果。同时,论文指出:女巫、鬼魂等神秘、恐惧的暗恐描写与伦理表达相关,对于理解犯罪过程、人物心理具有独特的作用,从而加强戏剧性与道德教诲之间的交互作用。
[Abstract]:This paper tries to interpret Macbeth by means of literary ethics criticism, rediscusses the role of witch prophecy and the process of crime, and points out that the essence of drama is an ethical tragedy, and the witch's prophecy plays an important role in the presupposition of ethical knot. Macbeth listened to the witch's prophecy and acted on it, making the whole tragedy revolve around the ethical thread of "regicide usurpation", on which other ethical knots gradually emerged, such as Macbeth's killing of Banco and the pursuit of Banco's descendants. The killing of the Scots aristocrat McDev's family and the revenge of Malcolm's father related to ethical choice, ethical taboos, crime, revenge, etc. Therefore, the root of the tragedy did not come from the prophecy of witches. It is the result of the role of the Sphinx factor in the moral construction and ethical choice of the characters. At the same time, the paper points out that the mysterious and fearful description of witches, ghosts and so on is related to the ethical expression, which is relevant to the understanding of the criminal process. Character psychology plays a unique role in enhancing the interaction between drama and moral education.
【作者单位】：苏州科技大学外国语学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大项目“文学伦理学批评:理论建构与批评实践研究”【项目批号:13&ZD128】的阶段性成果
【分类号】：I561.073

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