美加五部小说中熊意象的伦理阐释

发布时间：2018-03-14 19:56

本文选题：熊意象　切入点：他者　出处：《南京航空航天大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：熊意象时常出现在西方文学作品中,并往往被赋予丰富的文化内涵。尽管如此,很少有学者以英语文学多个文本中的熊为研究对象,对此开展系统性研究。本文选取5篇涉及熊的美加中短篇小说,即欧内斯特·西顿的《灰熊传》(1899)、威廉·福克纳的《熊》(1942)、诺曼·梅勒的《我们为什么在越南》(1967)、玛丽安·恩格尔的《熊》(1976)以及道格拉斯·格洛弗的《她》(2003),旨在较为系统地探讨熊在西方文学中的文化再现、功能,及蕴含的多重伦理内涵。论文以熊意象作为切入点,熊与人之间的伦理内涵为中心。首先探讨《灰熊传》和《我们为什么在越南》中人类与熊的关系及其伦理指涉。西顿和梅勒通过对熊的描写批判了人类的暴力和残忍,在质疑和反思西方传统观念和人类中心主义思想的同时,呼吁人们关注和尊重动物。然后探讨恩格尔《熊》以及格洛弗《她》中父权文化语境下女性与熊的关系及其伦理指涉,揭示了女性和熊的相似命运,认为两位作家通过对熊意象的运用折射出父权文化思想对女性的压迫和戕害,表达出对父权文化的批判以及对女性他者的关怀。最后,论文聚焦于福克纳的《熊》,分析种族歧视下黑人与熊的关系及其伦理内涵。在福克纳笔下,同处弱势地位的黑人与熊之间亦存在一种情感和精神上的契合。福克纳通过揭露白人对黑人和压迫,批判美国南方种族制度的痼疾;通过对大熊老班的独特塑造,表达对黑人他者的关怀以及黑人和白人和谐共生的伦理诉求。总之,在美加英语文学中,处在现代工业文明语境下的熊往往处于弱势地位,并且与弱势他者形成命运共同体关系。作品中对熊意象和人熊关系的真实再现和艺术塑造既传达了作家对动物本体生命的关注,也彰显了对弱势群体的人文关怀。
[Abstract]:Bear images often appear in Western literature and are often endowed with rich cultural connotations. However, few scholars study bears in many texts of English literature. In this paper, five American and Canadian short stories about bears are selected. That's Ernest Seaton's Grizzly Bear 1899, William Faulkner's Bear 1942, Norman Mailer's Why We in Vietnam 1967, Marianne Engell's Bear 1976, and Douglas Glover's' she '2003. To discuss the cultural reproduction of bears in Western literature, Function, and its multiple ethical connotations. The ethical connotations between bears are central. First, we discuss the relationship between human beings and bears and their ethical implications in Biography of Grizzlies and Why We are in Vietnam. Sidon and Mailer criticize human violence and cruelty through their depiction of bears. While questioning and reflecting on the traditional western ideas and anthropocentrism, we urge people to pay attention to and respect animals. Then we discuss the relationship between women and bears and their ethical implications in the context of patriarchal culture in Engel's Bear and Glover's. It reveals the similar fate of women and bears, and thinks that the two writers reflect the oppression and harm of patriarchal culture to women through the use of bear image, and express their criticism of patriarchal culture and concern for other women. The paper focuses on Faulkner's Bear, analyzes the relationship between black and bear and its ethical connotation under racial discrimination. In Faulkner's works, There is also an emotional and spiritual connection between blacks and bears who are in a weak position. Faulkner criticizes the ills of the racial system in the southern United States by exposing whites to blacks and oppression, and through the unique shaping of the Great Bear and the Old Bang. Expressing concern for the black others and ethical demands for harmonious coexistence between blacks and whites. In short, bears in the context of modern industrial civilization are often in a weak position in American and Canadian English literature. The real representation and artistic creation of bear image and the relationship between human bear and human bear in his works not only convey the writer's concern for the life of animals but also show his humanistic concern for vulnerable groups.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I106.4

【参考文献】