福楼拜与钱锺书小说“平庸性”批判比较研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 05:38

本文选题：福楼拜　切入点：钱锺书　出处：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：居斯塔夫·福楼拜是法国十九世纪的现实主义作家,钱锺书则是中国二十世纪的作家,二位大师对“平庸性批判”的比较研究,属于平研究研中的主题学、形象学研究范畴。本文的“平庸性批判”包括了两位作家对时代文艺思潮的独立思考,对社会道德进步的反驳,对物欲横流的否定,以及对贵族精神消逝的无限怅惘。本文将从三个方面依次展开对“平庸化批判”的阐述。第一章概述十九世纪的法国与二十世纪的中国的文艺思潮特征,并在此基础上展开两位作家对文艺思潮的平庸化批判。十九世纪法国科学主义盛行,生物学、遗传学以及进化论原理严重影响着文学的创作理念和方式,福楼拜从文学的真实性、客观性以及与科学的关系三个方面提出了反驳,试图实现文学艺术美的本体回归;进化论作为二十世纪初中国文学革命的有力思想武器之一,不仅被用来打倒旧文学,也使得优胜劣汰成为一代人的行为潜意识,钱锺书不仅再现了古典文学的审美特性,也对社会的道德进步和人性的完善提出了根本性质疑,并针对二十世纪后期出现的文学政治倾向,做出了文学现代性创作的完美实践。第二章论述人文精神走向平庸化的知识分子形象。福楼拜与钱锺书的小说中描写了两类知识分子,一类恶俗,不惜使用一切手段追逐功名利禄,一类庸俗,软弱无能,难以堪当改造社会的重任,但作家的中心目的并非只是揭露和批判,而是借此提出整个现代文明的弊病和知识分子的精神危机。第三章论述在沉闷的环境中造成的无能丈夫和媚俗妻子的婚姻悲剧,由于丈夫的呆笨和刻板,富含激情和想象力的妻子只能在偷情的刺激和物欲的享乐中寻找精神寄托,最终酿出悲剧。平庸不是一种罪过,却因其思想的“空无一物”毁灭了无数人的蓬勃生命力。福楼拜与钱锺书还热衷于描写女性的虚荣、盲目和复杂,并指出正是这种虚荣驱使她们试图把幻想中的天堂织入物质的现实中,但物质现实却只能使这些幻想归于破灭。福楼拜和钱锺书挖掘出了潜伏在社会和人性里的“平庸”毒瘤,对任何时代、任何人的生活都具有重要的警醒意义。
[Abstract]:Gustave Flaubert is a realistic writer in France in 19th century and Qian Zhongshu is a writer in 20th century in China. The "mediocre critique" in this paper includes two writers' independent thinking on the trend of literary and artistic thought of the times, the refutation of social moral progress, and the negation of the material desire. The first chapter summarizes the characteristics of literary and artistic trends in France on 19th century and 20th century in China. In 19th century, the popular French scientism, biology, genetics and evolution seriously affected the literary creation ideas and methods. Flaubert put forward a rebuttal from three aspects of literary authenticity, objectivity and the relationship with science, and tried to realize the return of literary and artistic beauty. Evolution was one of the powerful ideological weapons of the Chinese literary revolution in early 20th century. Not only is it used to knock down the old literature, but it also makes the survival of the fittest the behavior subconscious of a generation. Qian Zhongshu not only reproduces the aesthetic characteristics of classical literature, but also raises fundamental questions about the moral progress of society and the perfection of human nature. And in view of the political tendency of literature that appeared in the late period of 20th century, The second chapter discusses the intellectual image of humanism towards mediocrity. The novels of Flaubert and Qian Zhongshu describe two kinds of intellectuals, one kind of evil and vulgar. They do not hesitate to use all means to pursue fame and fortune, a class of vulgar, weak, incompetent, difficult to be the task of reforming society, but the central purpose of the writer is not only to expose and criticize, The third chapter deals with the marital tragedy of the incompetent husband and the vulgar wife caused by the dull environment, due to the stupidity and inflexibility of the husband, A wife who is full of passion and imagination can only seek spiritual sustenance in the thrill of cheating and the enjoyment of material desire, and finally make tragedy. Mediocrity is not a sin. But because of his thought "nothing" destroyed the vitality of countless people. Flaubert and Qian Zhongshu are also keen to describe the vanity, blindness and complexity of women. And pointed out that it is this vanity that drives them to try to weave the heavenly fantasy into the reality of matter, but the material reality can only make these disillusionment. Flaubert and Qian Zhongshu excavate the "mediocre" cancer that lurks in society and human nature, For any time, anyone's life has an important warning significance.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I106.4-03

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