从历史编纂元小说角度探析《黑犬》

发布时间：2018-03-22 20:37

本文选题：伊恩·麦克尤恩　切入点：《黑犬》　出处：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：伊恩·麦克尤恩(1848-)是一位杰出的当代英国小说家,其早期作品主要涉及一些诸如暴力、死亡和乱伦等阴暗话题,因而一度被冠名"恐怖伊恩"。自20世纪80年代中期以来,他在写作中更多地关注政治、社会和生态等问题。《黑犬》属于他后期创作的一部作品。本文主要从琳达·哈钦所提出的"历史编纂元小说"这一理论出发来探析伊恩·麦克尤恩的小说《黑犬》。历史编纂元小说具有明显的自反性特征,重新审视了历史与小说的关系。琳达·哈钦主要在她的《后现代主义诗学》和《后现代主义政治学》两部著作中阐述了历史编纂元小说这一理论。至此,哈钦未提及小说《黑犬》亦是历史编纂元小说。本文通过对历史编纂元小说的研究,首次从历史编纂元小说角度探析《黑犬》这部作品,并认为伊恩·麦克尤恩的《黑犬》与历史编纂元小说的特点有诸多相似之处。本文将从《黑犬》的形式与内容两方面来论证其与历史编纂元小说具有一致性或者说是相似性。《黑犬》有两种叙述模式:一是不可靠的多层次叙事结构,其中包括戏中戏和多层次内聚焦这两种叙事方式。这正和历史编纂元小说所推崇叙事模式存在一致性。二是互文性叙事模式,这是对过去的互文,主要探讨作品中历史与小说的关系。从形式上的一致性来判断,笔者认为在叙事特点上,《黑犬》是一部历史编纂元小说。在内容上,小说《黑犬》也体现出历史编纂元小说的自反性。一方面,小说《黑犬》指涉了许多历史事件,如柏林墙倒塌、纳粹集中营等。本文将权威历史与《黑犬》中的个人历史进行对比,其差异性促使读者对历史书写进行重新思考。另一方面,从家庭关系这一微观角度出发,小说《黑犬》为读者呈现了多元化的伦理选择,如理性主义、神秘主义、感性主义和怀疑主义等。在小说中,麦克尤恩对这些伦理价值的客观呈现,使读者关注到意识形态问题,反思历史、政治和伦理等问题。通过以上分析,本人认为历史编纂元小说角度能帮助读者更深刻的理解伊恩·麦克尤恩的小说《黑犬》。
[Abstract]:Ian McEwan is an outstanding contemporary British novelist whose early works focused on dark topics such as violence, death and incest, and were once known as "Terror Ian." since the mid-1980s, He paid more attention to politics in his writing. Social and ecological problems. Black Dog is one of his later works. This paper analyzes Ian McEwan's novel Black Dog from the perspective of Linda Harchin's "Historical Codification Metafiction". Historical compilation of metafictions has an obvious reflexive character, This paper reexamines the relationship between history and fiction. Linda Harchin expounds the theory of historical compilation of metafiction in her two works, Poetics of Post-modernism and Politics of Post-modernism. Harchin did not mention the novel Black Dog, which is also a historical compilation meta-novel. Through the study of historical compilation meta-novel, this paper, for the first time, analyzes this work from the angle of historical compilation meta-novel. It is concluded that there are many similarities between Ian McEwan's "Black Dog" and the features of historical compilation metafiction. This paper will demonstrate the consistency between "Black Dog" and Historical Codification Metafiction from two aspects: form and content. The Black Dog has two narrative patterns: one is the unreliable multi-level narrative structure, This is consistent with the narrative mode advocated by historical compilation metafiction. The second is the intertextuality narrative mode, which is the intertextuality of the past. This paper mainly discusses the relationship between history and fiction in the works. Judging from the consistency of form, the author thinks that the Black Dog is a historical compilation metafiction in terms of narrative characteristics. The novel Black Dog also reflects the reflexivity of the historical compilation of meta-novels. On the one hand, the novel "Black Dog" refers to many historical events, such as the fall of the Berlin Wall. This paper compares the authoritative history with the personal history in Black Dog, and its difference urges readers to rethink the writing of history. On the other hand, from the microcosmic angle of family relationship, The novel Black Dog presents readers with a variety of ethical choices, such as rationalism, mysticism, sensualism and skepticism. In the novel, McEwan presents these ethical values objectively. Through the above analysis, I think that historical compilation of metafiction can help readers to understand Ian McEwan's novel Black Dog more deeply.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I561.074

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