空间视阈下解读《远离尘嚣》中的主体身份建构

发布时间：2018-05-13 05:24

本文选题：身份 + “空间三一论”　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为英国文学史上少有的横跨了两个世纪的作家,托马斯·哈代对英国文学的发展具有重要影响。在其所有作品中,威塞克斯小说最受瞩目。在《远离尘嚣》中哈代第一次提出“威塞克斯”这一地域概念。与此同时,这部作品也为哈代的作家生涯奠定了坚实的基础。数十年来,国内外学者对这部小说的研究主要集中在“性别”、“生态”、“伦理”等方面,却很少从空间这一角度来解读主要人物的身份建构问题。小说中的人物在一个个地点之间的辗转往复赋予了小说叙事极强的空间感。由此可见,从空间角度解读这部作品可以更加深入的了解它的思想内涵和价值。本文主要结合亨利·列斐伏尔的“空间三一论”,解读物理空间以及社会空间中折射出的人物社会关系,揭示小说中人物在身份寻求过程中的阻碍和矛盾。最后通过分析不同人物的身份建构的成功和失败,进而深度探讨作品中折射出的哈代的思想内涵。哈代认为只有那些能够适应社会变革改变的人,方能成功的建构其身份,拥有幸福完整的人生。除引言和结论部分,本论文共包含三章。第一章集中论述作品中呈现的物理空间。物理空间作为主体可以通过情感实践直接感受到的实际空间,在人物性格、身份塑造等方面具有重要作用。作品中呈现出的矛盾的物理空间不仅揭示了威塞克斯地区处于永恒不变的冲突矛盾状态,而且对主体身份建构造成了阻碍。此外,自然景观空间和人工景观空间的强烈对比造成了了人物对自我身份的迷惑。第二章主要分析社会空间。列斐伏尔认为空间不是一个死板静止的容器。小说中的社会空间也是流动的,不稳定的。根据列斐伏尔的空间生产说,空间是一种产物。它也是一个社会关系和社会秩序的重建的过程,它生产社会也反映社会。也就是说,社会空间在不同人物的社会交流中得以形成。在哈代笔下,社会空间中充满着阶级冲突以及这种社会关系下人的疏离。社会空间中的矛盾和冲突对人物身份建构造成了阻碍。第三章主要分析个人空间转移和主要人物身份建构。个体空间作为列斐伏尔所提出的“空间三一论”中的表征空间,对空间分析具有重要意义。个体空间突出了个体的主体性,在主体身份建构的过程中起到了重要的支撑作用。哈代的小说中人物总是带着某种寻求行走在路上。这部小说中,对于身份的焦虑驱使人物开始了身份寻求之旅。在个体空间的转换的过程人物实现了其身份的建构。作为近年来常用的一种研究方法,空间批评为文学研究提供了一个新的视角。空间视域下解读哈代的《远离尘嚣》可以深度挖掘这部小说空间叙事之中蕴含的社会、文化的深层含义。事实上,不仅是作品中人物,处于维多利亚社会变革时期的人们也经受着各种各样的矛盾和冲突。这些矛盾和不确定性直接或间接的导致了人们对身份的焦虑。面对这样那样的矛盾冲突,哈代认为人只有努力适应环境,才能真正远离尘嚣,完成对身份的构建。他始终坚信只要遵循“适者生存”的规律,人就能得以生存和发展。
[Abstract]:As a rare writer in the history of English literature for two centuries, Thomas Hardy has an important influence on the development of English literature. In all of his works, Wessex's novels are the most attractive. In the "far from the uproar", Hardy first proposed the region of "Wessex". At the same time, this work is also for Hardy's work. For decades, scholars at home and abroad have mainly focused on "sex", "ecology", "ethics" and so on, but rarely read the identity construction of the main characters from the angle of space. So it can be seen that the interpretation of this work from the angle of space can be more in-depth understanding of its ideological connotation and value. This article mainly combines Henry Lefebvre's "space 31 theory", interprets the social relations reflected in the physical space and the social space, and reveals the process of identity seeking in the novel. In the end, through the analysis of the success and failure of the identity construction of different characters, the author further explores the ideological connotation of Hardy reflected in his works. Hardy believes that only those who are able to adapt to the change of social change can succeed in constructing their identity and having a complete life. The first chapter consists of three chapters. The first chapter focuses on the physical space presented in the works. The physical space, as the subject can be directly felt through emotional practice, plays an important role in character character and identity molding. The contradictory physical space presented in the work does not only reveal the everlasting change of the Wessex area. In addition, the strong contrast between the natural landscape space and the artificial landscape space causes the characters to confuse their identity. The second chapter mainly analyzes the social space. Lefebvre believes that space is not a rigid and static container. The social space in the novel is also a flow. It is not stable. According to Lefebvre's space production, space is a product. It is also a process of reconstructing social relations and social order, and its production society reflects society. That is to say, social space is formed in the social exchanges of different characters. In the pen, social space is full of class conflict and the social space. This social relationship is alienated. The contradiction and conflict in the social space obstruct the identity construction. The third chapter mainly analyzes the individual space transfer and the construction of the identity of the main characters. The individual space, as the representation space in the "space 31 theory" proposed by Li Fei Fu, is of great significance to space analysis. The subjectivity of the individual has been highlighted, which plays an important supporting role in the process of the construction of the subject identity. The characters in Hardy's novels always take some kind of seeking walking on the road. In this novel, the anxiety of identity drives the characters to start the journey of identity seeking. The characters in the process of the transformation of individual space have realized their identity construction. As a research method commonly used in recent years, space criticism provides a new perspective for literature research. Interpretation of Hardy's "far away from the uproar" under space view can dig deeper into the society and the deep meaning of culture in the space narrative of the novel. In fact, it is not only the characters in the works, but also in the social change in Vitoria. People in the period also undergo a variety of contradictions and conflicts. These contradictions and uncertainty directly or indirectly lead to people's anxiety of identity. Facing such contradictions and conflicts, Hardy believes that only by trying to adapt to the environment can people truly stay away from the uproar and complete the construction of their identity. He always believes in following the "life of the fittest". The law of "survival" can survive and develop.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I561.074

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