《老无所依》中的新旧时代冲突

发布时间：2018-05-19 04:37

本文选题：《老无所依》 + 科马克·麦卡锡　；参考：《华中师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：科马克·麦卡锡为美国当代著名作家。自1965年其第一部小说《果园守门人》问世以来,麦卡锡已出版十部小说,他的许多作品都反映出对美国历史以及现代人生存困境的思考。《老无所依》是麦卡锡出版于2005年的一部作品,该小说以20世纪80年代的美墨边境为背景,以三位主人公之间展开的追逐为主线,通过一位老年人的视角,展现了后现代西部社会的混乱状态,与回忆中的传统社会形成强烈反差。小说内容真实映照了20世纪美国社会现实,反映了作者本人对历史及社会问题的关照。本文着眼于《老无所依》中所呈现的新旧时代之间的种种冲突,并进一步分析冲突产生的原因,探究麦卡锡展现时代冲突的真实意图。本论文由五部分构成。第一章主要介绍科马克·麦卡锡生平、创作经历与成就以及作品《老无所依》的主要内容与风格,并梳理有关科马克·麦卡锡及《老无所依》的国内外研究现状,阐述本论文的研究方法与研究目的。第二章集中分析了小说中新旧时代冲突的具体体现。首先,在价值观方面,传统西部精神在金钱崇拜的冲击下逐渐消失；人们对战争的态度逐渐由支持转为反对。其次,在社会准则方面,作为传统社会力量的法律被暴力所压制；道德取向在政治选择中的传统作用被政治宣传所取代。最后,本章分别从抚养子女、老年生活以及婚姻关系三个方面讨论了新旧时代在家庭伦理方面的不同态度。第三章主要探讨小说中冲突产生的原因,分别从社会层面与心理层面分析了小说中当代社会的堕落。在社会背景方面,反叛的60年代带来的社会问题挑战着传统的社会秩序；在越南战争的阴影下,社会问题继续恶化；混乱的边境地带则直接造成了当代社会的堕落。在心理层面,病态的人性是造成当代社会变化的主要原因。异化的消费过程加大了人们对金钱的渴望,同时也影响着政治领域,人们被政治宣传所操纵；而当代社会的信仰缺失同样也是小说中现代人堕落的内在原因。第四章致力于讨论麦卡锡于《老无所依》中展现种种时代冲突的真实意图,即对历史的反思,既赞颂了美国西部传统与开拓精神,也对过去的历史重负有所批判。首先,本文分析了小说中在传统社会与现代潮流碰撞之下产生的社会悲剧与个人悲剧,通过对悲剧后果的展现,表达了作者对当代社会现状的批判。其次,通过描述传统西部元素的毁灭,麦卡锡表达了对美国西部失落的缅怀以及对现代文明的质疑。同时,通过《老无所依》,麦卡锡传达了传统社会的美好是被理想化的这一事实。冲突中表现出的一些社会问题并不是起源于当代社会,而是历史遗留产物。通过对历史重负的反思,麦卡锡考察了历史对当代社会的影响。第五章为结语部分,对全文观点进行梳理概括。本文认为,《老无所依》通过对现代悲剧与历史重负的共同呈现,以唤起人们对生存困境和社会发展的思考。《老无所依》中麦卡锡对西部现状的批判,对历史的关注,以及小说的后启示性,均表现出对社会现实的忧思。小说中,麦卡锡以真实美国历史为主干进行创作,使其既是虚构又是真实,从而引发对美国现实社会问题的关照,亦使其具有独特的现实意义。
[Abstract]:Cormack Macarthy is a famous contemporary American writer. Since his first novel < orchard goalkeeper > in 1965, Mccarthy has published ten novels. Many of his works reflect on the history of the United States and the plight of modern life. "Old men of men" is a work published by Mccarthy in 2005, which is in twentieth Century 80. On the background of the border between the United States and Mexico in the years, with the pursuit of the three protagonists as the main line, the chaotic state of the post-modern western society is displayed through an old man's perspective, which is strongly contrasting with the traditional society in recollection. The content of the novel reflects the reality of the American social society in the twentieth Century, reflecting the author's question of history and society. This paper focuses on the conflicts between the old and old men and the old men, and further analyzes the causes of the conflict, and explores the true intentions of Mccarthy's display of the conflict in the times. This thesis is composed of five parts. The first chapter mainly introduces the life of Cormack Macarthy, the experience and achievements of the creation and the old work. According to the main content and style of "according to", and combing the domestic and foreign research status of Cormack Macarthy and "old men in no country", this paper expounds the research methods and research purposes of this thesis. The second chapter focuses on the concrete embodiment of the conflict in the new and old times of the novel. The attitude of people to war is gradually changed from support to opposition. Secondly, in social norms, the law as a traditional social force is suppressed by violence; the traditional role of moral orientation in political choice is replaced by political propaganda. Finally, this chapter discusses the three aspects of raising children, old life and marriage relations, respectively. The different attitudes of the old and new era in the family ethics. The third chapter mainly discusses the causes of the conflict in the novel, and analyzes the degeneration of the contemporary society in the social and psychological aspects. In the social background, the social problems brought by the rebellion in the 60s challenge the social order of the tradition; in the shadow of the Vietnam War, Social problems continue to deteriorate; the chaotic border zone directly causes the depravity of contemporary society. At the psychological level, morbid human nature is the main cause of contemporary social change. The alienated consumption process increases people's desire for money, but also affects the political field, and people are manipulated by political propaganda; and contemporary society The lack of belief is also an inherent reason for the fall of modern people in the novel. The fourth chapter is devoted to the discussion of the true intentions of Mccarthy's unfolding of the conflicts of the times in the old men's men, that is, to reflect on the history, not only to praise the tradition and the pioneering spirit of the west, but also to the history of the past. The social tragedies and personal tragedies produced by the collision of the traditional society and the modern tide express the author's criticism of the present situation of the contemporary society through the display of the tragic consequences. Secondly, by describing the destruction of the traditional Western elements, Mccarthy expresses his memory of the loss of the western United States and doubts about the modern civilization. Mccarthy conveys the fact that the beauty of the traditional society is idealized. Some of the social problems expressed in the conflict are not from the contemporary society, but the legacy of history. Through the reflection on the historical burden, Mccarthy examines the impact of history on the contemporary society. The fifth chapter is the conclusion of the full text. In this paper, this article holds that < old men from the old men from the world > through the joint presentation of modern tragedy and historical burden in order to arouse people's thinking about the predicament and social development of life. Mccarthy's criticism of the current situation in the west, the attention to history, and the post Revelation of the novel are all worried about the social reality. Tin is created by the true American history, making it both fictitious and true, thus triggering a reflection on the reality of the society in the United States and making it of its unique practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I712.074

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