文体试验：乔叟《坎特伯雷故事》的“超法博俚”文体特征

发布时间：2018-05-19 21:24

  本文选题：乔叟 + 《坎特伯雷故事》　； 参考：《上海外国语大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：英国文学经典《坎特伯雷故事》在世界范围内受到学界的一致好评和持续关注。然而就研究的广度和深度而言,英语国家和非英语国家在乔叟文学研究方面还存在较大差距。乔叟的代表作《坎特伯雷故事》的成功,主要归功于其日趋完善的写作手法和独具匠心的文体试验。“法博俚”文体就是最成功的典型。乔叟的“法博俚”是对法语“法博俚”的借鉴和超越,本文将乔叟的“法博俚”所具有的独特性称为“超法博俚”,意指超越和创新,特指乔叟在语言和结构上对“法博俚”文体的革新。全文共分三章,分别介绍“法博俚”文体的名称含义、文体特色,以及乔叟的“超法博俚”文体试验。例证取自《坎特伯雷故事》中的六个故事,即《磨坊主的故事》、《管家的故事》、《游乞僧的故事》、《法庭差异的故事》、《商人的故事》和《船员的故事》。第一章介绍“法博俚”文体的名称含义和历史渊源。“法博俚”的定义,“用诗歌描写令人捧腹的故事”,虽在评论界广为人知,但却仍然存在问题。“法博俚”难以定义的事实与其不确定的历史渊源和地位密切相关。它源于寓言故事,与罗曼司、莱剧、轶事等其他文体相交融,不仅包含宫廷权贵阶级、教士阶级、新兴资产阶级,还包含底层的劳工阶级,同时它跨越众多文体和写作模式的界限,反映并错置原本属于不同文体的人物和行为。此外,法语的“法博俚”和英语的“法博俚”、乔叟的“法博俚”和其他英语的“法博俚”之间都存在微妙的差异,从而使得该文体更具有模糊性。为了本土化研究的需要,本文提议的中译名“法博俚”是用象形的汉字对英法语境下该文体的概括。“法”具有三层含义,分别指法国、章法和道法自然;“博”指“博弈”,强调故事中对手和对立观念之间的竞争;“俚”取“俚俗”,意指“法博俚”文体故事的民俗特征,强调该文体的口头文学性。第二章分析“法博俚”文体的特征。“法博俚”具有限定性的文体特征分别是幽默和污秽、无道德或伪道德、厌女症或反厌女症。幽默是“法博俚”文体最大的特色,与污秽相结合的幽默又是特色中的特色;“法博俚”不喜说教,离经叛道,或宣扬伪道德,或倡导无道德,嘲讽愚弄不停歇;既因循中世纪厌女的传统,认为女子“百害无一利”,又嘲讽男性得势的宗教社会,反向彰显女性的才能和智慧,反对厌女的社会传统。需要特别说明的是,将这三对词组相连接的连词,“和”表示前后两者密不可分,“或”表示两者是选择的关系。这种选择在很大程度上依赖观众和读者对它们的选择,因而解读的效果也随着立场和环境的变化而变化。总之,以幽默为特征的“法博俚”夹杂着不少污言秽语,文中无道德或伪道德大行其道,女性被诟病的同时,其才能和智慧又得到了极大的彰显。第三章突出乔叟在《坎特伯雷故事》的“超法博俚”特色。“超法博俚”是在“法博俚”的词根上追加前缀“para-(超)”而自创的一个新词,突出乔叟既源于又异于法语“法博俚”的写作创新。乔叟的“超法博俚”文体特征主要指他在语言和结构上对“法博俚”文体的革新。语言方面,他善于变换名称的指称、巧用二分对立法则、恰当准确地转变语域,尤为独到的是,使用方言塑造人物角色。作为第一个使用方言写作的英国作家,乔叟在《管家的故事》中对于来自英格兰北部管家、约翰和阿莱恩的描写尤为出彩。结构方面,乔叟在框架结构上的巧斧神功可谓精妙,全文共有四层叙述结构:上下衔接,里应外合,互文丛生,古今勾连。经他匠心改写的“法博俚”故事是传统和个人才干相结合的杰作,既与前人的创作产生同源和互文的关系,又是新颖独特的佳作,让法语“法博俚”在英语的语言下重获新生,开创了英国“法博俚”文体的先河。
[Abstract]:The Canterbury story of the British literary classics has received high praise and continuous attention from the academic circles worldwide. However, there is still a big gap between the English and non English countries in terms of the breadth and depth of the study. The success of Chaucer's masterpiece, "Canterbury", is mainly due to the growing perfection of Chaucer. Chaucer's "French slang" is the reference and Transcendence of French "French slang". This article describes the uniqueness of Chaucer's "French and Bo" as "transcendental", meaning transcendence and innovation, especially Chaucer in language and structure. The full text is divided into three chapters. The full text is divided into three chapters: the name, the stylistic feature, and the stylistic test of the "super French". The example is taken from the six stories in the Canterbury story, that is, the story of the Miller, the story of the housekeeper, the story of the monk, the story of the court difference, the merchant. The first chapter introduces the name and historical origin of the "French slang". The definition of "French and Bo", "the story of the most popular in poetry", is well known in the commentaries, but there are still problems. It is closely related. It comes from fable stories, intersects with Romans, Lai opera, anecdotes and other styles. It includes not only the imperial power class, the clergyclass, the emerging bourgeoisie, but also the lower class of the labor class, while it crosses the boundaries of many styles and writing patterns, reflecting and misplacing the characters and behavior that originally belong to different styles. There are subtle differences between French "French slang" and English "French slang", Chaucer's "French slang" and other English "French slang", which makes the style more ambiguous. For the need of localization research, the Chinese translated name "FBO" is the style of the Chinese language in the context of English and France. The "law" has three meanings, which refers to France, the rule of law and the natural nature of the Taoist law. "Bo" refers to the "game", emphasizing the competition between the opponents and the opposing ideas in the story. "Slang" takes "slang", meaning the folklore characteristics of the "French slang" style story, emphasizing the oral literature of the text. The second chapter analyses the style of "French slang". The characteristics. The "French slang" has a limited style of stylistic features: humour and filth, unmoral or pseudorandom, sick or anti sick woman. Humor is the biggest feature of the "French slang" style, and humour combined with filth is characteristic of the characteristic; "French slang" does not like preaching, deviant, or preaching false morality, or advocating no Morality, mockery and mockery, not only according to the tradition of the women in the middle ages, that women are "a hundred harm and no profit", but also mockery of the powerful religious society of the male, and reverse the feminine talent and wisdom, and oppose the social tradition of the weary woman. The choice is largely dependent on the choice between the audience and the reader, and the effect of the interpretation varies with the position and the environment. In a word, the "French slang" characterized by humour is mixed with a lot of dirty words. The third chapter highlights Chaucer's "supernatural" feature in the Canterbury story. "Superfrench" is a new word created by the prefix "para-" on the root of "fabo", highlighting Chaucer's writing both from French and French "fapper". The stylistic features of Chaucer's "super magic" mainly refer to his innovation in the language and structure of "French and Bo" style. In language, he is good at changing the name of the name, skillfully using the principle of two points of opposites, changing the register properly and accurately, especially, using dialects to create character roles. As the first English language to write the English language. Chaucer's description of the housekeeper, John and Alain in the northern England is particularly brilliant in the story of the housekeeper. In structure, the skillful work of Chaucer in the frame structure is exquisite. There are four narrative structures in the full text: up and down, in line, intertextuality, and in ancient and modern. The story is a masterpiece of combination of tradition and personal talent. It not only produces homologous and intertextual relations with previous works, but also is a novel and unique masterpiece. It makes French "French French slang" reborn in English language and pioneered the English "French" style.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I561.074
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本文编号：1911748