论阿尔志跋绥夫小说创作中的个人主义和死亡意识

发布时间：2018-05-22 07:35

本文选题：阿尔志跋绥夫 + 个人主义　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：米哈伊尔.彼德洛维奇.阿尔志跋绥夫((?))是白银时代拥有鲜明个性的作家,其代表作有长篇小说《萨宁》、《绝境》及中篇小说《兰德之死》、《工人舍维廖夫》等。《萨宁》曾一时轰动俄罗斯甚至整个欧洲,同时也因作品中张扬的个人主义遭受批评。《绝境》一经出版再次引起猛烈评论,这本充满死亡意识的小说被称为“死亡的俱乐部”,一定程度致使当时社会的自杀情绪蔓延。阿尔志跋绥夫虽饱受争议,却是一个真实表达个性声音的作家,是一个用尽一生思考哲理问题的人,其作品中充盈着对生命意义和死亡意识的思考、对人的出路的探索。阿尔志跋绥夫将个人感悟置于社会背景之下,在真实的描写中彰显社会的迷茫,在颤栗的阐述中诠释青春的彷徨,在嬉笑的绝望中拷问人的精神价值。阿尔志跋绥夫的作品尽管充满争议,却具有鲜明的时代性,较为真实地反映了 20世纪初俄国迷茫彷徨的社会语境和俄国人探索出路的精神状态。个人主义和死亡意识是阿尔志跋绥夫小说创作中的两个重要思想,也是其主要创作主题,因此深入解读这两方面思想对于全面把握阿尔志跋绥夫的整体创作特点,以及还原二十世纪之交的社会语境和人的精神状态具有重要意义。本论文分为绪论、正文(三章)和结论三部分,主要以阿尔志跋绥夫的长篇小说《萨宁》、《绝境》,中篇小说《工人舍维廖夫》,以及短篇小说《血痕》、《狂笑》、《深渊》等作品作为研究文本,通过文本分析法详细解读阿尔志跋绥夫小说创作中的个人主义和死亡意识。绪论部分概述阿尔志跋绥夫及其作品在俄罗斯和中国各阶段的研究状况。第一章介绍阿尔志跋绥夫从写实主义转向颓废主义的创作手法以及阿尔志跋绥夫创作的鲜明个性,而后分三阶段阐述其创作的历程及文坛声誉的变化。第二章阐述阿尔志跋绥夫小说创作中的个人主义,首先从尼采、施蒂纳的哲学影响角度解读阿尔志跋绥夫的个人主义观,而后重点分析作家小说中塑造的典型人主义形象,以个人享乐主义者萨宁和个人无政府主义者舍维廖夫为主要对象,详细分析其个人主义的具体表现并进行评价。第三章阐述阿尔志跋绥夫创作中的死亡意识,首先诠释阿尔志跋绥夫自我和本我、自我和超我两层面的死亡意识,而后简要概括小说的死亡主题和常用的死亡意象,最后详细阐述小说人物死亡意识的具体呈现。结语部分则对前文内容和逻辑进行归纳和疏理,从横向纵向视角阐明阿尔志跋绥夫个人主义观和死亡意识的交错演变和融合,指出这正是作家对“人的出路”问题的精神拷问和道路选择。
[Abstract]:Mikhail. Peter Lovic. (AlZhiba Suifu) He is a writer with a distinct personality in the silver era. His masterpieces include the novels "Sanin", "the desperate situation" and the novella "the death of Rand", "the worker Severyov" and so on. "Sanin" once caused a stir in Russia and even the whole of Europe. At the same time, it has been criticized for its individualism. Once published, the novel, which is full of death consciousness, is called "Club of death", which to a certain extent caused the spread of suicidal mood in the society at that time. Although he is a controversial writer, he is a writer who really expresses his personality. He is a man who uses his whole life to think about philosophical problems. His works are filled with thoughts on the meaning of life and the consciousness of death, and the exploration of man's outlet. Alzbarsworthy puts his personal feelings under the social background, reveals the confusion of the society in the true description, interprets the wandering of youth in the interpretation of tremors, and interrogates the spiritual value of people in the midst of laughing and despair. Although his works are full of controversy, they are of distinct epochal character, which truly reflect the confused social context of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century and the spiritual state of exploring the way out for the Russians. Individualism and consciousness of death are two important thoughts in the creation of Alzhivasuevi's novels, and they are also the main themes of his creation. It is of great significance to restore the social context and people's mental state at the turn of the 20th century. This paper is divided into three parts: introduction, body (three chapters) and conclusion. The main works are the novels of Alzhivasueifu, such as "Sanin", "the desperate situation", the novella "the worker Severyov", and the short story "Blood scar", "laugh", "the Abyss" and so on. This paper analyzes the individualism and the consciousness of death in the creation of the novels by means of text analysis. In the introduction part, the author summarizes the research situation of Alzbarasuev and his works in Russia and China. In the first chapter, the author introduces the writing technique of AlZhiba Suifu from realism to decadence, and the distinct personality of his creation, and then expounds the course of his creation and the changes of literary reputation in three stages. The second chapter expounds the individualism in the creation of Alzipasuevi's novels. Firstly, from the perspective of Nietzsche and Steiner's philosophical influence, the author interprets the individualism view of Alziva Zeifu, and then analyzes the typical humanism image created in the writer's novels. Taking Sanin, an individual hedonist, and Shaviliov, an individual anarchist, as the main objects, this paper analyzes in detail the concrete manifestation of his individualism and evaluates it. The third chapter expounds the consciousness of death in the creation of Alziva Zeifu. First, it interprets the death consciousness of self and ego, ego and superego, and then briefly summarizes the death theme and the commonly used death image of the novel. At last, the author elaborates the concrete presentation of the death consciousness of the characters in the novel. The conclusion part sums up the contents and logic of the above and expounds the staggered evolution and fusion of the individualism and the consciousness of death from the horizontal and vertical angle of view. It is pointed out that this is the spiritual torture and road choice of the problem of man's outlet.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I512.074

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