《北极梦》的生态批评解读

发布时间：2018-05-27 15:20

本文选题：巴里·洛佩兹 + 《北极梦》　；参考：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：巴里·洛佩兹是美国当代著名的自然散文作家,共著有6部散文作品和8部小说。1986年,他的代表作《北极梦》获美国国家图书奖,并成为美国20世纪80年代自然散文的代表。《北极梦》除了引子和尾声外共有九章。前五章主要描写北极动植物,后四章主要描写巴里·洛佩兹关于《北极梦》的观点—西方人怎样看待北极。在《北极梦》里,洛佩兹描写了他在北极所看到的奇观、新鲜的体验、对北极细致的观察和对北极所产生的共鸣。他对视力所及的海洋、冰、天空、土地和野生动物的描写都很出彩。《北极梦》蕴含着丰富的生态意识。因此,本论文从生态批评的角度分析了《北极梦》里的生态意识。本篇论文共分七部分:引言、五个章节和结论。引言介绍了巴里·洛佩兹和他的《北极梦》。接下来的文献综述详细地探讨了对巴里·洛佩兹《北极梦》的国内外研究现状,并分析了本研究的重要意义。第一章概述了生态批评。它包含西方生态批评的发展和目的两方面。第一方面介绍了生态批评的开端、逐步发展和最终成熟三阶段。第二方面提出了生态批评的目的是解决引起生态危机的社会问题和改变人们的思维方式,并指出了生态批评的方向和如何从生态批评的角度分析不同的文学作品。第二章探讨了《北极梦》里北极生态的整体性。《北极梦》体现了在北极人与自然的关系、北极野生动植物的相互依赖性和人类对于北极植物的日常使用三方面。第三章分析了《北极梦》里人类中心主义的危害和西方人对北极的开发和利用。洛佩兹谴责了《北极梦》里对北极整个生态链不可估量的破坏和对爱斯基摩人生活方式和传统文化造成致命性伤害的人类中心主义。同时,他也批评了人类对于北极的二分法。正是由于人类的错误想法导致了西方人想要利用自然,却最终导致了他们在开发北极的过程中带给了自己折磨、痛苦和死亡。第四章详细解释了洛佩兹关于简单生活和重视精神的观点。他概述了爱斯基摩人的生活方式、文化和爱斯基摩人仅以活着为乐的生活态度,同时也批评了西方人过分的物欲和现代社会里充斥的消费欲。此外,他还强调了精神在人类生活中所起的必要作用,提倡现代人应该重视自己的精神成长和精神富足。第五章强调了生态意识的重建。洛佩兹在《北极梦》中提倡人类应该尊重北极本身;尤其是北极的自然生态。此外,他还强调现代人必须抛弃对北极的错误看法并重建生态意识以促进北极的生态平衡。此外,人类应该担起对北极的责任,并以健康生态的态度在北极生活。结论部分指出:在《北极梦》里,北极是个内在的生态整体,人类应该让北极成为北极自身,不该过多入侵。此外,现代人应该放弃有害的人类中心主义和物质主义思想,去过平和满足的简单物质生活但更多彩的精神生活。此外,西方人必须培育生态意识,并把它当做一种基本且必要的生活态度。全球环境问题日趋严重,中国梦的具体体现是国家富强,民族振兴和人民幸福,而实现中国梦的一个必要手段是通过生态文明。
[Abstract]:Barry Lopez is a famous American contemporary writer of natural prose. He has 6 essays and 8 novels in.1986. His masterpiece, the Arctic dream, won the National Book Award of the United States, and became the representative of American natural prose in 1980s. < Arctic dream > there are nine chapters except the introduction and the end. The first five chapters mainly describe Arctic flora and fauna. The four chapter describes Barry Lopez's view of the Arctic dream - how Westerners look at the North Pole. In the Arctic dream, Lopez describes the wonders he sees in the Arctic, the fresh experience, the careful observation of the Arctic and the resonance of the Arctic. His description of the oceans, ice, sky, land and wildlife of his vision. The Arctic dream contains a lot of ecological awareness. Therefore, this paper analyzes the ecological consciousness in the Arctic dream from the angle of ecocriticism. This paper is divided into seven parts: introduction, five chapters and conclusions. The introduction introduces Barry Lopez and his "the Arctic dream >." the literature review is discussed in detail for Barry. The present situation at home and abroad of Lopez's < Arctic dream > and the significance of this study are analyzed. The first chapter outlines the ecocriticism. It includes two aspects of the development and purpose of Western ecocriticism. The first part introduces the beginning of ecocriticism, the gradual development and the final maturity of the three stages. The second aspects of the ecological criticism are to solve the problem. The social problems that cause the ecological crisis and the way to change people's thinking, and point out the direction of ecocriticism and how to analyze different literary works from the angle of ecocriticism. The second chapter discusses the integrity of the Arctic ecology in the Arctic dream. < Arctic dream > embodies the relationship between the Arctic and the self, the mutual dependence of Arctic wild animals and plants. Three aspects of the daily use of the Arctic plant and the human nature. The third chapter analyses the harm of the anthropocentrism in the Arctic dream and the development and use of the West in the Arctic. Lopez condemns the inestimable destruction of the Arctic dream of the whole ecological chain in the Arctic, and the fatal nature of the Eskimo life style and traditional culture. Injure anthropocentrism. At the same time, he also criticizes human dichotomy for the Arctic. It is because of human misconceptions that the Westerners want to make use of nature, but eventually lead to their torture, pain and death in the process of developing the Arctic. The fourth chapter explains in detail the simple life and weight of Lopez. In view of the spirit, he outlined the way of life of the Eskimos, the culture and the Eskimos only living in a living manner, and at the same time criticized the excessive materialism of the westerners and the desire for consumption in the modern society. In addition, he emphasized the necessary role of spirit in human life and advocated that modern people should pay attention to themselves. The fifth chapter emphasizes the reconstruction of ecological consciousness. Lopez advocates that human beings should respect the Arctic itself in the Arctic dream, especially the natural ecology of the Arctic. In addition, he also emphasizes that modern people must abandon the wrong views on the Arctic and rebuild ecological awareness to promote the ecological balance of the Arctic. In addition, human beings We should take responsibility for the Arctic and live in the Arctic with a healthy and ecological attitude. The conclusion is that in the Arctic dream, the Arctic is an inherent ecological whole, and that the Arctic should become the Arctic itself, not too much invasion. In addition, the modern people should give up harmful anthropocentrism and materialism, and be peaceful and satisfied. A simple material life but a more colorful spiritual life. In addition, Westerners must cultivate ecological awareness and regard it as a basic and necessary attitude to life. The global environmental problems are becoming increasingly serious. The concrete embodiment of the Chinese dream is the national prosperity, national revitalization and the people's happiness, and a necessary means to realize the Chinese dream is through the ecological language. Ming.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.076

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