追寻真实的存在—存在主义视角下的《钟形罩》作品分析

发布时间：2018-06-05 08:48

本文选题：西尔维娅·普拉斯 + 存在主义　；参考：《北京外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：西尔维娅·普拉斯(1932-1963)是当代美国著名作家。她的诗歌集于1982年获得普利策文学奖,普拉斯成为第一位去世后获此殊荣的作家。《钟形罩》是她发表的唯一一部长篇小说。作品讲述了年轻的女大学生艾斯特·格林伍德于1953年6月在纽约实习、随后陷入抑郁、不得不在精神病院接受治疗的经历。小说取材于作者的真实经历,是一部半自传体小说。国内外对《钟形罩》的研究主要集中在四个方面：神话原型研究、女性主义研究、心理学研究以及从政治、意识形态等角度进行文化解读。而从存在主义角度研究该小说的文献非常少。国内为数不多的几篇关于存在主义与《钟形罩》的文章,把重点放在"荒诞"、"异化"等概念上。有些文章甚至把存在主义等同于虚无主义,认为自杀是一种反抗生命虚无与荒诞、承担对人类关怀的方式。这些文章忽视了存在主义的核心概念:"自由选择"。通过自由选择,人们能够找到真实的存在。本文运用"自由选择"这个概念来论述艾斯特是如何寻找真实的自我,构建其艺术家身份的。艾斯特的抗争反映了存在主义的精华,即每个人都能够对自己所处的环境做出积极回应,构建真实的自我。在20世纪50年代的美国,人们期望中产阶级的白人女性扮演具有奉献精神的贤妻良母的角色。这种社会话语限制了艾斯特追求自己的诗人理想,造成了她的异化与分裂,让她感觉被困在"钟形罩"当中,无法进一步发展自己。艾斯特拒绝社会对女性种种刻板的定义,挑战社会对男女贞洁问题的双重标准,颠覆了传统的"纯洁女孩"形象。最后论文得出结论,认为尽管艾斯特没有完全解决女性角色与女性艺术家之间的矛盾,但在小说即将结束时发出了自己作为一名女性艺术家的声音,挑战了女人天生具有母性、在聪明才智方面不如男性、只能在家庭生活中实现自我的观点。
[Abstract]:Sylvia Plath (1932-1963) is a famous contemporary American writer. Her poetry won the Pulitzer prize for literature in 1982. Plath became the first writer to win this honor. "Bell mask >" is the only novel she published. The work tells the young female student Esther Greenwood in New York in New York. About the internship, then falling into depression and having to be treated in a mental hospital. The novel is based on the author's real experience, a semi autobiographical novel. The research on the bell shaped cover is mainly focused on four aspects: mythological prototype research, feminist research, psychological research, and political, ideological and other perspectives. There are few articles about existentialism and "bell shaped", which focus on the concept of "absurdity" and "alienation". Some articles even equate existentialism with nihilism, and believe that suicide is a kind of rebellion against life nihilism and absurdity. These articles ignore the core concept of Existentialism: "free choice". Through free choice, people can find real existence. This article uses the concept of "free choice" to discuss how ELST seeks true self and constructs his artist's identity. The resistance of Esst reflects the essence of existentialism. In the United States in the 1950s, the white women of the middle class were expected to play the role of a dedicated wife and good mother. This social discourse limits the pursuit of his poet's ideal, resulting in her alienation and distinction. The crack, which makes her feel trapped in the "bell shaped mask", is unable to further develop herself. Esstat refuses to define the stereotypes of women in society, challenges the dual standards of chastity between men and women, and subverts the traditional "pure girl" image. Finally, the thesis concludes that although EST does not completely solve female role and female art The contradiction between the artists, but at the end of the novel, he sent out his own voice as a female artist, challenging women to be born with maternal instincts, less intelligent than men, and only to realize their own views in family life.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074

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