美国华裔科幻作家姜峰楠作品的伦理反思

发布时间：2018-06-26 02:45

本文选题：姜峰楠 + 科幻　；参考：《电子科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：姜峰楠(Ted Chiang)是当代最富盛誉的科幻作家之一,也是第一个获得“双奖”(星云奖和雨果奖,科幻界最重要的两个奖项)的华裔科幻作家。1990年他首部作品《巴比伦塔》问世来的20多年间,他只发表了13篇小说,却获得了为数不少的科幻奖项。他的作品充满了奇异的观点、惊人的想象、强烈的感情、细致的记叙和深刻的思想。本文拟从伦理学的角度分析其作品中的伦理问题,目的在于通过考查姜峰楠在其作品背后所表现出对未来科技发展所带来的现实社会问题的伦理思考,以期待可以拓宽国内姜峰楠科幻小说的研究视角,并为科幻小说及华裔文学研究提供新的论题。本文以《赏心悦目》《软件体的生命周期》《七十二个字母》为主要的文本材料,选取社会公正伦理秩序、人工智能体的伦理困境以及生命伦理危机三个视角,由浅及深,层层递进深入,探讨其伦理问题。除去介绍和结论部分,本文将分为三部分。第一部分聚焦于《赏心悦目》中审美干扰镜引发的社会公正问题:审美干扰镜是否能消除人性中所固有的偏见与歧视?从小说的内容和写作形式上来探讨他在社会、政治甚至人性上的公正伦理反思,认为人性不可能消失,所能依靠的是通过社会文化和教育的影响来逐渐改变。第二部分关注《软件体的生命周期》中人工智能的伦理困境:伦理身份、经验与情感、自由意志。通过深入探讨数码体在自我认知、与人相处以及自我追寻的过程中所遇到的伦理困境,从而得出姜峰楠的人工智能伦理观及他对人类中心主义和边缘群体身份认同的伦理反思:科技时代物的异化和人的物化导致了工具理性和价值理性的对峙,而人类自身的行为本身才是解决其伦理困境的关键。第三部分思考了《七十二个字母》中关于生命的伦理危机。本章以生命观、生命的延续以及生命的选择三个方面深入展开对生命伦理的讨论,探讨是否科技的进步可以实现生命的绝对平等与自由,人造人能否改变人类免于灭绝的命运?通过研读,得出结论:科技无法代替生命的自然性和神圣性,而科技的最终目的是提高和服务人类,将科技的伦理问题回归到科技本身的目的性,即转变自私自利的科技伦理观,追求为全人类服务的崇高目标。通过对三篇代表作的伦理问题的分析与总结,笔者认为作为一个华裔科幻作家,姜峰楠不仅仅关注科技的进步,也关注科技改变所带来的伦理问题,站在一个全人类的角度关注整个人类的发展与走向。他将科幻小说中的科技与现实的伦理问题相结合,探讨科技发展与人类发展的种种伦理困境,从而试图寻求人类与科技和谐发展的科技伦理观,这对当今世界具有普遍意义和现实意义。
[Abstract]:Ted Chiang is one of the most prestigious science fiction writers of our time and the first to win a double prize (Nebula and Hugo). Chinese sci-fi writer who published only 13 novels in his first book, the Babylonian Tower, more than 20 years after his debut in 1990, and won a number of science fiction awards. His works are full of strange ideas, amazing imagination, strong feelings, detailed narratives and deep thoughts. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the ethical problems in his works from the perspective of ethics. The purpose of this paper is to examine Jiang Fengnan's ethical thinking about the realistic social problems brought about by the development of science and technology in the future. It can broaden the research perspective of Jiang Fungnan's science fiction and provide a new topic for the study of science fiction and Chinese literature. This paper takes < Life cycle of Software body > < 72 letter > as the main text material, selects the social justice ethics order, the artificial intelligence ethics predicament and the bioethics crisis three angles of view, from shallow and deep, Step by step, explore its ethical issues. Apart from the introduction and conclusion, this paper will be divided into three parts. The first part focuses on the problem of social justice caused by the aesthetic interference mirror in "pleasing to the eyes": whether the aesthetic interference mirror can eliminate the inherent prejudice and discrimination in human nature? From the aspect of the content and writing form of the novel, the author probes into his just ethical reflection on society, politics and even human nature, and thinks that human nature can not disappear, and what can be relied on is the gradual change through the influence of social culture and education. The second part focuses on the ethical dilemma of artificial intelligence in Software body Life cycle: ethical identity, experience and emotion, free will. Through in-depth exploration of the ethical dilemmas encountered by the digital body in the process of self-cognition, getting along with others and pursuing itself, It is concluded that Jiang Fengnan's ethics of artificial intelligence and his ethical reflection on anthropocentrism and the identity of marginal groups: the alienation of objects and the materialization of human beings in the era of science and technology lead to the confrontation between instrumental rationality and value rationality. The human behavior itself is the key to solve its ethical dilemma. The third part considers the ethical crisis of life in 72 letters. This chapter discusses the ethics of life from three aspects: the view of life, the continuation of life and the choice of life, and discusses whether the progress of science and technology can realize the absolute equality and freedom of life, and whether artificial people can change the fate of human being from extinction. Through reading, it is concluded that science and technology cannot replace the nature and sanctity of life, and the ultimate purpose of science and technology is to improve and serve mankind, and to return the ethical problems of science and technology to the purpose of science and technology itself. That is to change the self-interest ethics of science and technology and pursue the lofty goal of serving all mankind. By analyzing and summarizing the ethical issues of the three masterpieces, the author thinks that as a Chinese sci-fi writer, Jiang Fungnan is concerned not only with the progress of science and technology, but also with the ethical problems brought about by the change of science and technology. From a human point of view, the entire human development and direction. He combines science and technology with the ethical problems of reality in science fiction, and probes into the ethical dilemmas between the development of science and technology and the development of human beings, so as to seek the scientific and technological ethics view of the harmonious development of human beings and science and technology. This is of universal and practical significance to today's world.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074

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