想象与自由—《恩主》的存在主义解读

发布时间：2018-06-30 10:18

本文选题：桑塔格 + 《恩主》　；参考：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：苏珊·桑塔格是一位美籍犹太文学理论家、评论家和作家。她素以评论著称,但她更倾向于称自己为小说家。她的小说处女作《恩主》在1963年一经出版就受到广泛关注。《恩主》是一部具有很强个人色彩的实验性小说,它的主题和技巧无疑受欧洲存在主义哲学的影响,遥遥回应着萨特的荒诞虚无。虽然是一个60岁老人的自述口吻,却留下了年轻学者进行象牙塔内自省的、质疑的、形而上思考的痕迹。在小说里,主人公讲述了他不断做梦、释梦和演绎梦的梦里人生,描述了他把自己交给梦幻的不可避免的两难处境,全书弥漫着浓厚的存在主义思想。以存在主义为主线来解读桑塔格的《恩主》,还原隐藏在主人公希波赖特背后的立足于哲学思辨的桑塔格形象,无疑是一次有益的尝试。本文从萨特的存在主义视角解读《恩主》中希波赖特的精神之旅。共分为绪论、正文和结论三个部分。绪论部分介绍桑塔格与存在主义的渊源和桑塔格的国内外研究现状。正文采用理论和文本细读相结合的方式,借鉴萨特的存在主义思想,剖析《恩主》的主人公希波赖特的荒诞的梦里人生。正文部分分为五章,第一章分析萨特存在主义的基本内涵以及萨特对自由的阐述。萨特认为“存在先于本质”,不存在客观的规范约束生命,人类把自己界定成想要成为的人,即使这种行为无据可循。第二章结合萨特的“想象与自由”的观点与《恩主》中希波赖特的梦境,分析其中包含的对存在主义的深刻思考。希波赖特摆脱掉道德、情感甚至人性的束缚,按照荒诞、无序的梦的启示去安排生活,实现虚无的理想。第三章聚焦于希波赖特的亲情,剖析他在与家人相处过程中对“自由”的诠释。从最初的应付婚姻到最后与妻子的和睦相处,从最初对父亲的冷漠到最后对父亲的陪伴,他上了人生当中最重要的一课。第四章具体研究希波赖特与让·雅克的友谊,分析在两人交往的过程中希波赖特的心理波动和两种生活选择的交锋。第五章分析希波赖特与安德斯太太的爱情,分析在梦境的指引下做出的不同选择和最后导致的不同结果。在结论部分,本文认为通过对《恩主》中主人公精神之旅的剖析,可以对面临相似生存困境的人们有所启迪,相互尊重和承担责任无疑是走向自由的一把万能钥匙。同时,也可以看到那个将自己对世界的困惑和看法编织在这个荒诞故事中的桑塔格。
[Abstract]:Susan Sontag is an American Jewish literary theorist, critic and writer. She is famous for her criticism, but she prefers to call herself a novelist. Her first novel, Grace, had received widespread attention since its publication in 1963. It was an experimental novel with a strong personal color, and its themes and techniques were undoubtedly influenced by European existentialist philosophy. A distant response to Sartre's absurd nothingness. Although it was a 60-year-old self-talk, it left traces of introspection, questioning, metaphysical thinking in the ivory tower by young scholars. In the novel, the protagonist narrates the life in which he constantly dreams, interprets dreams and deducts dreams, and describes the inevitable dilemma in which he gives himself to dreams. The book is permeated with strong existentialism. It is undoubtedly a useful attempt to interpret Sontag's Grace by taking existentialism as the main line, and to restore the image of Sontag, which is based on philosophical speculation, hidden behind the protagonist Hippo Wright. This paper interprets Hippo Wright's spiritual journey from Sartre's existential perspective. It is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction introduces the origin of Santagh and existentialism and the current research situation of Santagh at home and abroad. The text adopts the combination of theory and text reading, using Sartre's existentialism thought for reference, and analyzes the life in the absurd dream of the protagonist Hippo Wright. The first chapter analyzes the basic connotation of Sartre existentialism and Sartre's explanation of freedom. Sartre argues that "existence precedes nature", and that there is no objective norm that binds life, and that humans define themselves as the person they want to be, even if there is no basis for such behavior. The second chapter combines Sartre's "imagination and freedom" and Hippo Wright's dream in Grace to analyze the deep thinking of existentialism. Shipwright gets rid of the shackles of morality, emotion and even human nature, and arranges his life according to the revelation of absurd and disordered dreams to realize the ideal of nothingness. The third chapter focuses on Hippo Wright's kinship and analyzes his interpretation of freedom in the process of getting along with his family. He learned the most important lesson in his life from the first marriage to the final harmony with his wife, from his initial indifference to his father to his last companionship. Chapter four studies the friendship between Shepwright and Jean Jacques, and analyzes the psychological fluctuation and the confrontation between the two life choices in the process of their communication. Chapter five analyzes the love between Shepwright and Mrs. Anders, the different choices made under the guidance of dreams and the different results. In the conclusion part, this paper holds that through the analysis of the spiritual journey of the protagonist in the Lord of Grace, it can enlighten people who are faced with similar living difficulties. Mutual respect and responsibility are undoubtedly a master key to freedom. At the same time, you can see the Santag who weaves his confusion and view of the world in this absurd story.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074

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