《诺桑觉寺》中的女性教育

发布时间：2018-07-04 17:13

本文选题：《诺桑觉寺》 + 女性教育　；参考：《北京外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：简·奥斯汀在小说《诺桑觉寺》中表达了她进步的女性教育观。她认为仅靠父母在家中的教育无法培养出成熟理智的合格女性,她们还需要步入社会,在与他人的交往和阅读小说等活动中获得个人成长。在奥斯汀所处的时代,一种流行的教育观念大力推崇女性接受家庭教育以保证身心纯洁,并认为小说会腐化她们的心灵,引诱让她们走上歧途。奥斯汀的观点在当时的社会背景下是具有进步积极的意义的。《诺桑觉寺》讲述了天真可爱的十七岁女孩凯瑟琳·莫兰的成长故事。莫兰家轻松自由的氛围让凯瑟琳长成了一位心地善良、单纯可爱的少女,但也让她的思考方式简单幼稚,对外面世界的复杂一无所知。她走出家门,踏入巴思市之后,才真正开始接受社会的教育,迅速成长起来。凯瑟琳在巴思市结识了两对兄妹,出身优渥的蒂尔尼兄妹正直而博学,家境平平的索普兄妹利欲熏心、不学无术。这两对兄妹的品性与兴趣截然不同,在与他们及其他人的交往之中,凯瑟琳逐渐了解到人性的复杂,明白人的言行是可以不一致的,从而不再受表象所蒙蔽,能够做出准确的判断。在这个过程中,凯瑟琳未来的丈夫亨利·蒂尔尼扮演了关键的"导师"角色,他循循善诱,引导她进行理性思考,最终走向成熟。不过亨利并非完美无缺。他自诩为女性专家,带着男性的权威与自信指点凯瑟琳该如何行事,可他对女性的判断也有偏差的时候。他处处维护父亲和哥哥,偏袒之心一览无余,尽管他心里很清楚他们道德卑劣的一面。凯瑟琳对这位"导师"的态度,也随着她的成长而变化。最初她刚刚陷入爱河,对亨利言听计从,.完全依赖他的判断。经历一系列事件之后,她的独立思考能力开始萌芽,在亨利袒护蒂尔尼上校的时候,首次对亨利的判断产生了质疑,他逐渐不再是凯瑟琳心中绝对权威的代言人。到了小说的结尾,凯瑟琳终于认清蒂尔尼将军傲慢、虚伪的真面目,她没有再受亨利袒护之辞的蒙蔽,对将军的品格作出了独立的判断。凯瑟琳从完全依赖导师,到质疑导师,再到独立于导师的过程,折射出她心智成长的轨迹,更重要的是她最后也反过来影响了导师亨利。亨利从小生活在父亲的专制压迫之下,习惯在父亲面前保持沉默,尽管不赞同父亲和哥哥不道德的行为,也不会公开反对,反而在外人面前处处维护。虽然他非常欣赏凯瑟琳的善良正直,但他没法像凯瑟琳那样坦率。在蒂尔尼将军无礼地将凯瑟琳扫地出门后,亨利终于为了凯瑟琳站了出来,勇敢地反抗父亲的暴政,守护他们的爱情,最终与凯瑟琳喜结良缘。简·奥斯汀在这部小说中较为完整地表达了她的女性教育观,针对当时英国女性教育的讨论中两个关键问题提出了她自己独到的见解。其一是家庭教育与学校教育孰优孰劣。在奥斯汀的时代,教育学家和作家普遍认为女性在家里接受教育更有利于培养美德,在学校只能学到华而不实的技能,其纯洁更面临着被玷污的风险。奥斯汀在其他小说中确实对这些学校提出过委婉的批评,但她也不认为家庭教育十全十美,认为将女性禁锢在家中不仅不能保证她品行端正,还会让她对这个世界一无所知。她在《诺桑觉寺》中主张让女性走出家门,接受社会的洗礼,弥补家庭教育的不足。其二是女性是否应当读小说。这是当时女性教育讨论的重点,因为18世纪有闲阶级女性的识字率提升,空闲时间更多,加之流动图书馆的普及,让读小说成为乡绅及贵族阶级妇女的一大消遣方式。流行的观点一般分为两派,保守派认为小说会将女性引入歧途,坚决反对小说,而进步派则认为小说具有教化作用,有利于女性教育。奥斯汀在《诺桑觉寺》中明确指出小说具有重要的价值,通过安排让凯瑟琳沉迷哥特小说,接着破除小说的幻觉,最后从小说中获得裨益,表明小说并非洪水猛兽,而是一种优秀的文学体裁,既能给人以娱乐,又能潜移默化地教育读者。作为读者,则要懂得如何批判地看待小说,取其精华去其糟粕,才能从小说中获取宝贵的知识。
[Abstract]:Jan Austin expressed her progressive female education view in the novel < nsang Jue Temple >. She believed that the education of the parents at home alone could not cultivate qualified and qualified women. They also needed to enter the society, gain a personal length in the activities of interacting with others and reading novels. In the era of Austen, it was a popular one. The idea of education strongly advocates that women accept family education to ensure their physical and mental purity, and that novels will corrupt their minds and induce them to go astray. Austen's view is of progressive and positive significance in the social background of that time. The relaxed atmosphere of the Mulan family made Catherine become a kind-hearted, simple and lovely girl, but she also made her thinking simple and naive. She knew nothing about the complexity of the outside world. After she walked out of the house, she started to accept the education of the society and grew up quickly. Catherine met in Barth. The two brothers and sisters, the superior siblings of the siblings were upright and learned, and the flat Thorpe siblings were rich and unlearned. The character and interest of the two brothers and sisters were completely different. In the communication with them and others, Catherine gradually realized the complexity of human nature, and the white words and deeds could be dissimilar, and thus no longer accepted the appearance. In the process, Catherine's future husband, Henry tyre, played a key "tutor" role, which led her to rational thinking and eventually matured. But Henry was not perfect. He claimed to be a female expert with the authority and confidence of men to point out Catherine. How to act, but his judgment of women was also deviant. He maintained his father and brother in a clear view, although he had a clear understanding of their moral and despicable side. Catherine's attitude to the "tutor" changed with her growth. At first she had just fallen in love and was completely dependent on Henry. After a series of events, after a series of events, her ability to think independently began to germinate. When Henry took part in Colonel T - Tian, Henry was the first to question his judgment. He was no longer a spokesman for Catherine's absolute authority. At the end of the novel, Catherine finally recognized the arrogance and hypocrisy of general Gen. She did not be deceived by Henry's paternal words and made an independent judgement on the general's character. Catherine reflected the path of her mental growth from the full dependence of his mentor to his tutor and to his independent mentor, and, more importantly, in turn, that she had in turn influenced his tutor, Henry, who lived in his father's autocratic oppression from his childhood. Under the habit of keeping silent in front of his father, although he did not approve of the immoral behavior of his father and brother, he did not openly oppose it, but instead of maintaining it in front of the outsider. Although he was very appreciating Catherine's kindness and integrity, he could not be as Frank as Catherine. After TiNi was disrespectfully sweeping Catherine out of the army, Henry finally was Catherine stood out, bravely rebel against the tyranny of his father, guarded their love, and finally married Catherine. Jane Austen expressed her view of female education more completely in this novel, and put forward her own views on two key issues in the discussion of the British female education at that time. In Austen's time, educators and writers generally believe that women's education at home is more conducive to virtue. In schools, they can only learn the flashy skills, and their purity is faced with the risk of being tarnished. In other novels, Austen has made euphemistic criticism of these schools. She does not think that family education is perfect, and that the confinement of women to her family is not only a guarantee of her integrity, but also to let her know nothing about the world. She advocates that women go out of the house, accept the baptism of society, make up for the lack of family education. The focus of the discussion on sex education is that in eighteenth Century, the literacy rate of the leisure class women, more leisure time, and the popularization of the mobile library made reading novels a major pastime for the gentry and the aristocratic women. The popular views were generally divided into two schools, and the Conservatives believed that the young would lead the female astray, and firmly opposed the novel. The step school believes that the novel has an enlightening role and is beneficial to the education of women. Austen clearly points out that the novel has important value in the monastery of the Sam. By arranging for Catherine to indulge Gothic novels, then to break the hallucinations of the novel, and to gain benefit from the novel, which shows that the novel is not a wild animal but an excellent literary genre. As a reader, we should know how to critically look at the novel and take its essence to the dross, so as to obtain valuable knowledge from the novel.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I561.074

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