聚合与自我免疫：论《纹身女孩》中“自愿聚居区”及其共同体机制

发布时间：2018-07-11 11:51

本文选题：《纹身女孩》 + 西格尔　；参考：《扬州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：美国女作家乔伊斯·卡罗尔·奥茨(1938-)作品众多,它们大多反应了美国社会的阴暗面,特别是描述美国下层民众的生活。《纹身女孩》也不例外。这部小说讲诉了一位在当地享誉盛名,却性格怪异,爱好独居的38岁作家西格尔和没受多少教育,常常连一句话都说不完整的一位年轻女孩艾尔玛之间的故事。小说的结局非常的戏剧化:西格尔因心脏病突发而死,艾尔玛则在西格尔的葬礼后被西格尔的姐姐杰特杀死。本文基于齐格蒙特·鲍曼、让-吕克·南希和雅克·德里达三人对共同体概念的理解,试图从共同体角度分析当代美国所显示出的时代特性,阐述欧茨笔下的人物在共同体内部的行为和他们采取相应的策略。本文分为三大部分,即前言、主体和结论。第一部分前言扼要介绍了小说作者欧茨和她的主要作品、作品国内外研究概况、本文所用理论的介绍,以及本文的框架结构。主体部分分为三章,分别介绍了文本中共同体的运行机制。第一章把小说中呈现的共同体分为两大类,一类以艾尔玛为代表的“真实聚居区”以及以西格尔一家为代表的“自愿聚集区”,试图指出这两种共同体的运行机制:前者以内部人员互相憎恨和鄙视为特征,后者以排外和隔离为特点。主体部分二三章重点探究了上述第二类共同体,即“自愿聚居区”的运行机制。第二章研究了以“聚合”为特点,以孝道为道德基础的共同体内部机制以及这种机制是如何逐渐失去效力。首先,以西格尔为中心,分析了婚姻、财产在家族共同体运行中的重要性,指出了这种机制下,内部成员没有所谓的自由,以及自我身份的固定和不流动,最后使得西格尔对婚姻失去希望,对家族财富放弃继承的同时伤害了他人。然后,第二节讨论了为了共同体内部的“聚合”,西格尔是如何被操作而书写自我身份,同时介绍了西格尔是如何.以自己意愿打破操纵,重新书写自我身份,进一步指出家族共同体对家庭成员巨大的约束力和自身难以打破约束的无力和无奈。第三章以晚期德里达的重要思想之一的“自我免疫”概念为基础,分析了“自愿聚居区”内部的自我免疫机制。首先,围绕西格尔的姐姐杰特,揭露了杰特的行为在保护共同体的同时也伤害了共同体这一似是而非的逻辑。然后通过讨论西格尔和艾尔玛之间曲折的关系,试图说明小说中作者提供一种治愈共同体的方式,即“无条件开放”。第三部分为结论,本文通过上面三章的分析,表达了传统共同体对人心变态的扭曲以及其带来的毁灭性后果,揭露了欧茨对传统共同体的批评和对一种无分离,无阶级共同体的诉求。
[Abstract]:Joyce Carol Oates (1938-), the American woman writer, has many works, most of which reflect the dark side of American society, especially the life of the lower people in the United States. "Tattooing girls" is no exception. The novel speaks of a 38 year old writer, Seagal, who is famous in the local, but has a strange character and loves to live alone. The story of a young girl, Irma, is often not complete. The end of the novel is dramatic: Seagal died of a heart attack, and Irma was killed by Seagal's sister Jeter after Seagal's funeral. This article is based on Zygmunt. Bauman, and three people. To understand the concept of the community, try to analyze the characteristics of the times in the United States from the community angle, explain the behavior of Oates's characters in the community and adopt the corresponding strategies. This article is divided into three parts, the preface, the subject and the conclusion. The preface of the first part briefly introduces the author of the novel, Oates and her master. To work, the research situation at home and abroad, the introduction of the theory and the frame structure of this article, the main part is divided into three chapters, and the main part is divided into three chapters. The first chapter divides the community into two categories, a kind of "real settlements" represented by Irma and the Seagal family. On behalf of the "voluntary gathering area", it tries to point out the operating mechanism of the two communities: the former is characterized by mutual hatred and disdain by the internal personnel, and the latter is characterized by exclusion and isolation. The two or three chapters of the main part focus on the operation mechanism of the above second types of communities, namely, "voluntary settlements". The second chapter studies the "aggregation". In the first place, the importance of marriage and property in the operation of the family community is analyzed, and it is pointed out that under this mechanism, the internal members do not have the so-called freedom, as well as the fixed and inflow of their identity, with Seagal as the center. Finally, Seagal lost hope of marriage and abandoned inheritance to family wealth while hurting others. Then, the second section discussed the "aggregation" within the community, how Seagal was manipulated to write his identity, and introduced how Seagal was able to break control and rewrite self identity with his own wishes. The third chapter, based on the concept of "self immunity", is based on the concept of "self immunity", one of the important thoughts of late Derrida, and analyzes the self immune mechanism inside "voluntary settlement". First, it reveals Jeter around Seagal's sister Jeter. The behavior, while protecting the community, also hurts the plausible logic of the community. Then, through the discussion of the tortuous relationship between Seagal and Irma, the author tries to show that the author provides a way to cure the community, that is, "unconditional opening". The third part is the conclusion, and this article is expressed through the analysis of the above three chapters. The distortions of the traditional community to the pervert and its devastating consequences reveal Oates's criticism of the traditional community and the demand for a separate and class community.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074

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