芥川龙之介小说的不确定性研究

发布时间：2018-07-23 12:40

【摘要】：芥川研究作为一门显学,一直以来积累了大量的学术成果。但国内外学者多将目光聚焦于作家的人性观、艺术观,作品的中国视角、叙事艺术以及比较文学研究、宗教研究等。对芥川小说不确定性的阐释,为芥川文学研究乃至东方文学的深度发掘、研究领域的拓宽提供了可能。芥川笔下的文学形象区别于某些传统小说中善恶分明的符号式人物,呈现出一种复杂性和不确定性。首先是对人性深层次的挖掘,作家往往通过展示人物丰富的心理内涵来展现人性中以矛盾方式并存的明暗两面,这些人物身上体现了作家对人性的诸多思考。其次是作家对经典形象的颠覆与另类解读,固有认知中的偶像与凡夫俗子形成对立,以神圣性的消解来激发人们对历史与现实、战争与道德的探求与思索。不同于传统小说前后时序与因果关系上的确定性,芥川很多作品呈现出一种情节上的不确定性。首先是对难以还原真相的故事情节的处理,作家善于运用多重视角、不可靠叙述、他人转述方式等叙事技巧,使得读者无法在小说中寻求到确定的唯一答案。于情节的不确定性中,芥川展示了人类言语的不可靠以及由人类言语建构的历史真实的虚无。其次,芥川打破了小说结尾的封闭性,通过中断情节、设置悬念、凸显矛盾等方式创造开放式结尾,使得读者在对结局不确定性的思索中实现审美体验。芥川作品始终显示一种矛盾与分裂的特质,这种特质体现于诸多思想领域,其中尤为鲜明的是其艺术观与善恶观的不确定性。首先,芥川塑造了许多艺术至上者形象,但基于艺术与人生、道德等的冲突,作家亦体会到艺术至上的不可能性,故其笔下人物的命运走向也暗示其对艺术的复杂思考与矛盾态度。其次,芥川正视人性中恶的存在,客观看待恶的普遍性。但于恶的发掘中,他呼唤善的到来,渴求人类的无私之爱。其对善恶思考最深刻之处还体现为对功利立场下善恶价值判断的清醒认知,基于功利目的的判断标准,善与恶便皆具相对性与不确定性。本文通过分析芥川文学创作中的不确定性,发掘其文学中新的思想内涵,为读者展现更为真实的芥川,从而使论文的创新价值得以体现。
[Abstract]:As an important subject, mustard research has accumulated a lot of academic achievements. However, scholars at home and abroad focus on the writer's view of human nature, art, Chinese perspective of works, narrative art, comparative literature research, religious studies and so on. The explanation of the uncertainty of the novel provides the possibility for the further exploration of the literary study and the broadening of the field of study of the oriental literature. The literary image of the novel is different from the symbolic figure of good and evil in some traditional novels, which presents a kind of complexity and uncertainty. The first is the deep excavation of human nature. Writers often display the rich psychological connotations of the characters to show the two sides of human nature which coexist in contradictory ways. These characters reflect the writer's thinking of human nature. Secondly, the writer's subversion and alternative interpretation of the classic image, the inherent cognition of the idol and ordinary people form opposition, with the deconstruction of sanctity to stimulate people to history and reality, war and moral exploration and thinking. Different from the determinacy of time sequence and causality before and after the traditional novels, many of his works present a kind of plot uncertainty. The first is to deal with the story plot which is difficult to restore the truth. The writer is good at using many angles of view, unreliable narration, and other narration techniques, which makes the reader unable to find the only definite answer in the novel. In the uncertainty of the plot, mustard shows the unreliability of human speech and the real nothingness of history constructed by human speech. Secondly, he breaks the closure of the end of the novel, creates an open ending by interrupting the plot, setting suspense, highlighting contradictions and so on, which makes readers realize aesthetic experience in the thinking of uncertainty of the ending. His works always show a characteristic of contradiction and division, which is embodied in many fields of thought, especially the uncertainty of his view of art and good and evil. First of all, mustard has created many images of art supremacists, but based on the conflicts between art and life, morality, etc., writers also realize the impossibility of art supremacy. Therefore, the fate of his characters also implies his complex thinking and contradictory attitude towards art. Secondly, Akugawa looked squarely at the existence of evil in human nature and looked at the universality of evil objectively. But in the discovery of evil, he called for the arrival of good, yearning for human selfless love. The most profound part of its thinking about good and evil is the sober cognition of the value judgment of good and evil under the utilitarian standpoint. The criterion of judgment based on utilitarian purpose is that both good and evil are relative and uncertain. By analyzing the uncertainty in his literary creation, this paper explores the new ideological connotations in his literature, and presents the readers with a more real one, so that the innovative value of the thesis can be reflected.
【学位授予单位】：渤海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I313.074

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