东方主义视角下对赛珍珠《大地》的跨文化分析

发布时间：2018-07-28 10:30

【摘要】：本文以萨义德的东方主义为理论框架,对赛珍珠在《大地》中是如何解构东方主义文学传统,构建乡土中国形象进行跨文化分析。萨义德认为东方主义是西方关于东方的话语形式,从本质上说,是处于强势地位的西方长期主宰、重构和话语权威压迫处于弱势的东方的一种方式。在东西方二元对立的基础上,西方将东方看作“他者”,并将其推向自己的对立面,对东方“他者”形象进行扭曲和贬损,以此突显出自我的优越性。这种认识体系与西方殖民主义与帝国主义紧密联系在一起。说到底,东方主义是殖民主义和霸权主义的一种文化折射。本文基于东方主义理论,结合赛珍珠所处的历史文化语境,对赛珍珠的作品《大地》进行了跨文化分析。《大地》是在中西社会殖民语境下完成的文本,因此具有殖民背景。半殖民地半封建社会的中国和以儒家思想为核心的封建主体政治文化,为赛珍珠在《大地》中描绘的农民生活提供了社会根源和民族心理原因。自鸦片战争之后,西方帝国主义国家一直企图对中国进行殖民统治和文化控制,西方的传教活动是对中国文化侵入极其重要的形式之一。在20世纪30年代之前,西方对中国一直存在偏见。在西方人眼中,中国是原始、落后、野蛮、弱小的形象,中国的文化被神秘化、离奇化。赛珍珠在该殖民语境下,在《大地》中从两方面解构了东方主义：1)赛珍珠通过对中国农民形象进行“人性化”的塑造,以及对中国女性形象阿兰和梨花的“正常化”叙述,解构了西方历史中作为扭曲的“他者”中国形象；2)赛珍珠塑造了中国农民眼中可怜的美国人和奇怪的美国传教士形象,解构了美国形象的优越性和东方主义。进而赛珍珠在《大地》中从两方面建构了乡土中国形象：1)赛珍珠构建了中国农民深沉的土地热情以及王龙和阿兰等积极的农民形象；2)通过对《大地》中的中国传统文化,包括中国家庭宗族制、儒家思想、及社会和宗教习俗的描述,构建了中国独立于西方知识系统的文化形象。通过《大地》东方主义的跨文化分析,论文指出,赛珍珠在小说中真实地刻画了中国农民生活,一定程度上为西方展现了中国的传统文化,颠覆了西方文学中对中国的刻板印象,解构了西方的东方主义文学传统,构建了一个独立于西方知识系统的真实乡土中国形象。
[Abstract]:Taking said's Orientalism as the theoretical framework, this paper analyzes how Pearl Buck deconstructs the oriental literary tradition and constructs the image of native China in the Land. Saeed holds that Orientalism is a form of western discourse about the East, which is essentially a way for the powerful West to dominate, reconstruct and oppress the East in a weak position for a long time. On the basis of the dualistic opposition between the East and the West, the West regards the East as the "other" and pushes it to its own opposites, distorts and derogates the image of the "other" in the East, thus highlighting the superiority of the ego. This system of understanding is closely related to Western colonialism and imperialism. In the end, Orientalism is a cultural refraction of colonialism and hegemonism. Based on orientalism and the historical and cultural context of Pearl Buck's works, this paper makes a cross-cultural analysis of Pearl Buck's works, the Earth is a text completed in the colonial context of Chinese and Western societies, so it has a colonial background. China in semi-colonial and semi-feudal society and the political culture of feudal subject with Confucianism as the core provided social root and national psychological reason for Peasant Life described by Pearl Buck in the Earth. Since the Opium War, Western imperialist countries have been trying to colonize China and control its culture. Western missionary activities are one of the most important forms of Chinese cultural invasion. Until the 1930s, the West was biased against China. In the eyes of Westerners, China is primitive, backward, barbaric, weak image, Chinese culture is mysterious, bizarre. In this colonial context, Pearl Buck deconstructs Orientalism: 1 from two aspects in the "Earth") Pearl Buck portrays the image of Chinese peasants by "humanizing" and "normalizing" the images of Alain and pear flower in China. It deconstructs the distorted "other" Chinese image in western history) Pearl Buck shapes the poor American and strange American missionary image in the eyes of Chinese peasants, and deconstructs the superiority and Orientalism of the American image. Then Pearl Buck constructs the native Chinese image of China from two aspects: 1) Pearl Buck constructs the deep land enthusiasm of Chinese farmers and the active image of farmers such as Wang long and Alan. Including the description of Chinese family clan, Confucianism, and social and religious customs, it constructs a cultural image of China independent of the western knowledge system. Based on the cross-cultural analysis of Orientalism, the paper points out that Pearl S. Buck truly portrays the life of Chinese peasants in her novels, and to some extent shows the traditional Chinese culture for the West. It subverts the stereotype of China in western literature, deconstructs the oriental literary tradition of the West, and constructs a real image of native China independent of the western knowledge system.
【学位授予单位】：华东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074

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