《签名收藏家》中亚力克斯的身份探索研究

发布时间：2018-08-24 20:29

【摘要】：扎迪·史密斯是英国当代小说家、散文家和短篇小说家。2000年,年仅二十四岁的她,凭借处女作《白牙》一举成名。2002年她的第二部小说《签名收藏家》发表问世,取得商业成功,并获得2003年《犹太季刊》温盖特小说奖。她的其他作品有《论美》(2005年)、《西北》(2012年)等。扎迪来自移民家庭,父亲是英国白人,母亲是牙买加黑人。扎迪的移民背景对她的文学创作影响很大。扎迪的小说通常和移民、种族和民族冲突、宗教狂热和多元文化相关。《签名收藏家》讲述的是亚力克斯·李坦德姆买卖签名的故事,以及他疯狂地迷恋偶像凯蒂·亚历山大。亚力克斯来自移民家庭,居住在伦敦北部郊区。父亲是中国人,母亲是犹太人。父亲在带他去观看摔跤比赛后,突然去世,致使亚力克斯一直无法接受。他为了证明凯蒂·亚历山大签名的真伪,前往纽约。最后说服凯蒂和他一起回英国,借用她假死的消息,赢得了金钱和名气,却陷入了前所未有的孤独感中。最后小说以他在好友的见证下,给中国父亲诵读犹太教中的卡迪什结尾。本文主要分为引言、正文四章以及结论。主要内容如下:在引言中,探讨了扎迪·史密斯的移民背景对她创作的影响;《签名收藏家》的主题和结构;以及本论文研究的意义。从而引出正文的分析。第一章对该小说的国内外研究现状进行了梳理。此外,对后殖民理论家霍米·巴巴的杂糅和第三空间进行了整理和理解。霍米·巴巴认为两种文化接触的地方,存在一个第三空间。在第三空间,殖民者和被殖民者的文化相互影响,文化霸权逐渐消解。他认为第三空间里不在存在纯正,杂糅是存在的形式。本文试图结合霍米·巴巴的理论对《签名收藏家》主人公亚力克斯的身份探索进行研究。第二章探讨了亚力克斯身份的迷失。分别从他出生就要面对的混杂的种族;多种文化碰撞造成的影响;以及饱受精神紊乱的折磨来探讨他身份的迷失。作为移民二代,他的种族混合了中国和犹太血统,同时生活在伦敦的社会环境,让他对自己的身份感到迷茫。在强势的父爱之下,亚力克斯深受中国文化的影响,而母亲代表的犹太文化也是他人生的一部分,同时英国西方文化是他存在的社会的主流文化,在多种文化的碰撞夹击下,亚力克斯的身份出现危机。第三章探讨了亚力克斯对身份的探寻。一方面,他追逐西方社会崇尚的社会地位、金钱和名气,享受大众文化。另一方面,他学习犹太教,开启自己的卡巴拉生命之树,尝试走进犹太民族历史;研究中国禅宗和其他中国文化元素。然而他的探寻却失败了。他迷恋美国女演员凯蒂亚历山大以追逐名利和社会地位,然而当他高价拍卖掉亚历山大的签名时,却感到孤独。他没有像好友亚当一样虔诚的犹太教信仰。对于犹太民族历史的寻根也因犹太大屠杀而感到心累和疲倦。他的禅宗修行不彻底,连参禅动作也做不标准。所以,亚力克斯不单纯、也不完全隶属于任何一种单一文化中。正如霍米巴巴所言,文化不是单一存在的,也不是“自我”与“他者”的对立,文化的各种形式以杂糅的方式存在。通过本章的分析发现,亚力克斯在成为“他者”或“自我”的探寻之路上以失败告终。第四章是对亚力克斯身份归属问题的探讨。霍米·巴巴的第三空间为亚力克斯身份问题提供了解决的途径。在此章节中,分析了亚力克斯的一些具体行为。最后亚力克斯为父亲诵读卡迪什。他将父亲的一英镑放在卡巴拉生命之树的顶端。《犹太性与异族性》一书中现代性充斥其中,犹太性和异族性的界限变得模糊。对签名收藏家职业的认识在禅宗的影响下,他不再追逐名利,而将拍卖所得给了即将死去的杜尚和凯蒂亚历山大。通过对亚力克斯身份的分析,发现他游走在三种文化之间,但却并不完全属于其中的一种文化,他的身份以杂糅的形式存在,他的身份只能在“第三空间”建构起来。最后为结论部分。总结小说主人公亚力克斯·李坦德姆的身份危机;亚力克斯追寻一个确切文化身份的过程和破灭的结果;以及亚力克斯身份的最终归属,即进入第三空间。在第三空间内,文化不再尖锐的对立,而是文化间的交融。亚力克斯是当代英国多元文化下边缘人生存现状的代表。作为第二代移民,他们面临的是比父辈更艰难的身份归属困境,一方面,他们没有完全体会到根文化的滋养,另一方面,也没有完全融入到生存社会中的西方文化中。他们的身份只能归属于非此非彼的第三空间。在全球化不断加深的今天,各种文化相互碰撞与交流,当今社会边缘群体的身份归属问题理应受到关注,通过本文的分析,希望能对饱受身份危机困扰的人们有所启发。
[Abstract]:Zadi Smith is a contemporary British novelist, essayist and short story writer. She became famous in 2000 at the age of 24 for her debut novel White Tooth. Her second novel, Signature Collector, was published in 2002 and was commercially successful. She won the Wingate Prize for Novels in 2003. Her other works include On Beauty (2005). Zadi's novels are often related to immigration, racial and ethnic conflict, religious fanaticism and multiculturalism. The story of selling autographs and his crazy love for the idol Katie Alexander Alexander came from an immigrant family and lived in the northern suburbs of London. His father was Chinese and his mother was Jewish. Finally, Katie is persuaded to go back to England with him, borrowing the news of her false death, gaining money and fame, but falling into an unprecedented sense of loneliness. The main contents are as follows: In the introduction, the author explores the influence of Zadi Smith's immigration background on her writing; the theme and structure of The Signature Collector; and the significance of the study of this thesis. The first chapter introduces the research status of the novel at home and abroad. Homi Baba holds that there is a third space where the two cultures come into contact. In the third space, the culture of the colonists and the colonized influences each other and the cultural hegemony gradually disappears. Ba's theory explores the identity of Alex, the protagonist of The Signature Collector. Chapter Two explores the loss of Alex's identity, the mixed races he was born to face, the impact of cultural collisions, and the suffering of mental disorders. He was confused about his identity because of his mixed Chinese and Jewish ancestry and the social environment in London. Under his strong father's love, Alex was deeply influenced by Chinese culture, and the Jewish culture represented by his mother was a part of his life. At the same time, the western culture of Britain was the mainstream culture of his society. The third chapter explores Alex's search for identity. On the one hand, he pursues the social status, money and fame advocated by Western society, and enjoys popular culture. On the other hand, he learns Judaism, opens his own Kabara tree of life, and tries to enter the history of the Jewish nation. He was fascinated by the American actress Katie Alexander's pursuit of fame and social status, but when he sold Alexander's signature at a high price, he felt lonely. He had no Jewish faith like his friend Adam. His Zen practice was not thorough, and his chanting was not standard. So Alex was not simply, nor was he entirely, a member of any single culture. As Homibaba said, culture was not a single existence, nor was it the antagonism between "self" and "the other". Through the analysis of this chapter, it is found that Alex failed in his quest to become "the other" or "the ego". Chapter 4 discusses Alex's identity ascription. Homi Barba's third space provides a solution to Alex's identity problem. Finally, Alex recites Kadish to his father. He puts his father's pound on the top of the tree of life in Kabala. is full of modernity, and the boundaries between Jewish and Heterogeneity become blurred. The influence of Zen on the professional understanding of signature collectors He no longer pursues fame and wealth, but gives the proceeds of the auction to the dying Duchamp and Katie Alexander. Through the analysis of Alex's identity, it is found that he wanders between the three cultures, but does not belong to one of them completely. His identity exists in a mixed form, and his identity can only be constructed in the "third space". In the third space, culture is no longer sharp antagonism, but intercultural blending. As the second generation of immigrants, they are faced with a more difficult identity predicament than their parents. On the one hand, they do not fully understand the nourishment of the root culture, on the other hand, they do not fully integrate into the Western culture in the survival society. Nowadays, with the deepening of globalization, various cultures collide and communicate with each other. The problem of identity belonging of marginalized groups should be paid attention to. Through the analysis of this paper, I hope it can be enlightened to those who suffer from identity crisis.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I561.074

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