《终结的感觉》中主体性问题研究

发布时间：2018-09-05 19:26

【摘要】：朱利安·巴恩斯是英国当代著名作家,其作品曾四度获得英国小说界最高奖项布克奖的提名,其中他的代表作《终结的感觉》于2011年最终摘下这一殊荣。在《终结的感觉》一书中,年近六十的主人公托尼认为自己的人生平静祥和,但一份遗嘱的到来打破了他的平静,他开始反思过往岁月,逐渐认清了真实的自我,并从此陷入了自责与悔恨之中。托尼的这一自我反思与自我认知的过程实际上蕴含着当代人的主体性探究这一深刻的主题,而这一主题到目前为止还没有引起学者们的广泛关注,因此本文将借助法国哲学家列维纳斯的主体性理论对该小说进行深入的解读。列维纳斯批判了以“同一”为特征的西方本体论哲学,倡导以“责任”为前提的伦理学。他提出主体性应该是“为他”的伦理学的主体性,而不是“为己”的本体论的主体性。本文将分析小说《终结的感觉》中的主人公托尼对过往岁月的反思与对原有自我认识的否定。年轻时的托尼通过固守自我、同化他者这两种方式来满足“舒适的”自我认知需要,从而构建了本体论基础上的主体性。这种主体性的本质是“为己”,暴露了人性的缺陷。后来,一份遗嘱的到来使得他逐渐走出以自我为中心的世界,不断认清了自己同化他者的错误行为。因此,其构建在本体论基础上的主体性也不断遭遇到了挑战,这种主体性使其困惑,并最终被彻底解构。这表明,以“同一”为特征的本体论不是主体性构建问题的真正答案,以“责任”为前提的伦理学才是主体性构建的合适基石。在小说的最后,尽管托尼想要弥补自身的过错,但由于相关受害人都对他无所诉求,因而他无法承担相关责任,也就无法构建列维纳斯所说的伦理学的主体性,只能在无穷无尽的悔恨与遗憾中度过余生。这也表明,构建伦理学的主体性必须倾听他者的呼唤,必须承担起为他者的责任。总之,小说中所揭露的主体性问题值得关注,对当代人应该构建什么样的主体性,以及如何去构建主体性有着深刻的启示意义。
[Abstract]:Julian Barnes is a well-known contemporary British writer whose work has won four nominations for the Booker Prize for the highest prize in British fiction. His masterpiece The Sense of End finally won the prize in 2011. In his book The Sense of End, Tony, a protagonist of nearly sixty years, thinks his life is peaceful and peaceful, but a legacy. The arrival of the will broke his tranquility, he began to reflect on the past years, gradually recognized the true self, and then fell into self-reproach and regret. Tony's self-reflection and self-cognition process actually contains the profound theme of contemporary human subjectivity, which has not yet caused the study. Levinas criticized the Western ontological philosophy characterized by "identity" and advocated ethics based on "responsibility". He proposed that subjectivity should be the subjectivity of "for him" ethics. This paper will analyze Tony's reflection on the past years and his denial of the original self-knowledge in the novel The Sense of End. Tony's younger self-cognition needs are satisfied by sticking to the ego and assimilating the other in order to construct the ontological foundation. Subjectivity on the basis of subjectivity. The essence of subjectivity is "for oneself" and exposes the defects of human nature. Later, the arrival of a will made him gradually out of the self-centered world, and constantly recognized his own incorrect behavior of assimilating the other. Therefore, the subjectivity on the basis of ontology has been constantly challenged. Sex perplexes it and eventually deconstructs it thoroughly. This shows that ontology characterized by "identity" is not the real answer to the question of subjectivity construction. Ethics based on "responsibility" is the proper cornerstone of subjectivity construction. At the end of the novel, although Tony wants to make up for his own fault, the victim concerned has nothing to do with him. It also shows that the construction of the subjectivity of ethics must listen to the call of the other and shoulder the responsibility of the other. In short, the subjectivity revealed in the novel. The question deserves attention, which has profound enlightenment to what kind of subjectivity should be constructed by contemporary people and how to construct it.
【学位授予单位】：江苏师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I561.074

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