“食仇母题”:中西方复仇故事书写的社会政治功能

发布时间：2018-10-14 18:37

【摘要】：中国古代复仇行为最彻底的形态是"食肉寝皮",此与族群成员政治地位的阶层性有关,也与古老巫术的民族记忆有关。西方"食仇母题"可溯至《十日谈》。从中西方"食仇母题"的生成元素看,西方式复仇偏重从精神方面来折磨仇敌,摧毁其意志与灵魂,以达到灵肉双重毁灭目的。传统中国的则以肉体毁灭来泄愤,注重肉体毁灭的过程书写,品尝完成伦理使命的快慰。西方注重主体复仇心态演变的过程;而中国则偏好于伦理目标实现的社会效果、教化与警世功能。西方"食仇"叙事常引发对复仇者个体命运悲剧的反思;中国复仇之作更多地激发善必胜恶的"盲目"愉悦感,忽视"惩恶扬善"道德行为的反社会性与不道德性。中西方"食仇母题"叙事的文本间性,显示出复仇的普世性价值取向的"异中有同"特性,族群成员的社会伦理行为有多维的政治指向,而"食肉寝皮"的文本书写,除了动物生存本能的血腥快意,还暗示族群森严阶层等级所折射出扭曲的奴隶性心态,有反社会与不道德意味存在。
[Abstract]:The most thorough form of revenge in ancient China is "eating flesh and bedding", which is related to the stratum of political status of ethnic group members and the national memory of ancient witchcraft. The motif of feud in the West can be traced back to "Ten days' talk". In view of the forming elements of the motif of feud between China and the West, the western revenge focuses on torturing the enemy from the spiritual aspect, destroying its will and soul, in order to achieve the purpose of double destruction of spirit and flesh. The traditional Chinese exasperate with physical destruction, pay attention to the process of physical destruction, taste the joy of fulfilling ethical mission. The West pays attention to the process of the evolution of the subject's revenge mentality, while China prefers the social effect, the enlightenment and the warning function of the achievement of the ethical goal. The narration of "feud of eating" in the West often leads to the reflection on the tragedy of the individual fate of the Avengers, while the works of revenge in China more arouse the sense of "blind" pleasure of the good and the evil, and neglect the anti-sociality and immorality of the moral behavior of "punishing the evil and promoting the good". The intertextuality of the narration of the motif of feud between China and the West shows the characteristics of the universal value orientation of revenge, the social ethical behavior of ethnic group members has multi-dimensional political direction, and the text of "eating flesh bedding" is written. In addition to the bloody pleasure of animal survival instinct, it also implies that the racial hierarchy reflects the distorted slave mentality and has antisocial and immoral meanings.
【作者单位】：大连大学语言文学研究所;
【基金】：2013年度辽宁省社科规划基金项目“世界文学格局中的中国武侠小说母题研究”(L12BZW004)
【分类号】：I106

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