论陀氏“女性双重人”形象的形成

发布时间：2018-10-15 14:41

【摘要】：陀思妥耶夫斯基塑造的文学人物常因为复杂矛盾的心理,被誉为"双重人"。"双重人"一词在俄语中只有阳性,没有阴性形式。但是,他笔下的众多女性形象,通常也具有同样的复杂矛盾的心理,深入分析这些女性形象之后发现,他们都是不同程度上的"双重人",因此,"女性双重人"在陀氏作品中是存在无疑的。而且,这些"女性双重人"的发展存在某种规律,初期的形象较为单薄,后期的形象则十分具备双重人的特征,因此本篇主要通过各个阶段女性双重人的发展,探析陀氏作品中女性双重人发展的不同阶段及其特点。在不同领域对双重人格有不同的定义,比如美国精神病大词典对于多重人格的定义是这样的:"一个人具有两个相对独特的并相互分开的亚人格,是为双重人格。是一种癔症性的分离性心理障碍。"但是,文中探讨的陀思妥耶夫斯基式的双重人格并不是医学上的或心理学上的,而是文学上的。这里的双重人格,更像是"双重心理",即心理上的双重性。然而,这又与一般人的矛盾心理不同,一般人都会有矛盾心理,但是陀思妥耶夫斯基笔下的人物,特别是本文要探究的女性人物,他们的矛盾心理十分极端,是综合了受虐和施虐这两种极端对立的因素和心理机制的,而且这一心理机制在陀思妥耶夫斯基的作品中,不断延续发展,最终合二为一。本文列举分析了陀思妥耶夫斯基笔下的六位女性形象,根据受虐者和施虐者进行了分类,前者是《地下室手记》中的丽莎,《罪与罚》中的索尼娅,后者是《赌徒》中的波琳娜,《白痴》中的纳斯塔西娅,而最后两位女性人物是《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》中的格鲁申卡和卡捷琳娜。通过文本分析,分析这些女性形象的语言与行为,以及与书中其他人物的互动和他人的评价,揭露这些女性形象的心理。研究中发现,前两位本是受虐者的丽莎与索尼娅,主导心理是受虐心理,可是其中也含有施虐因素,本是施虐者的波琳娜和纳斯塔西娅,主导心理是施虐心理,但她们却也带有强烈的受虐因素,并且经常通过虐待自己而施虐他人,常常把自虐放在了施虐之前。并且,受虐和施虐这两种力量在他们身上是不断发展的,两种力量的大小在不同人物身上有不同变化。而到了《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》,格鲁申卡和卡捷琳娜这两位女性形象很难被分进某一类女性形象当中,因为两者形象都十分强大并综合,融合受虐者和施虐者的各个方面,而且很难在其中找到一个主导心理。陀思妥耶夫斯基笔下会诞生如此多的受虐者和施虐者以及完整的"女性双重人"这样的形象,与很多因素有关系。经本文研究分析,主要有三个原因:第一,陀思妥耶夫斯基的个人生活对他的作品有一定的影响;第二,文学中妓女担任拯救者的文学传统,即神女情结,对女性双重人的发展有一定作用;第三,受虐者和施虐者这两种形象与复调和狂欢理论存在内在联系。本文研究的意义在于,从多个女性形象入手,探析陀氏作品中女性双重人发展的不同阶段及其特点。
[Abstract]:Tolstoevsky's literary figures are often known as complex contradictions. "Double". "Double" A word is only positive in Russian and has no negative form. However, many of his women's images often have the same complex ambivalence, and in depth analysis of these female images, they find that they are all different "Double" and therefore, "Female Dual" There is no doubt in Tolstoy's works. And, that's all. "Female Dual" There is a certain law in the development of the development of women in the early stage, and the later images are characterized by double characters. Therefore, this thesis mainly analyzes the different stages and characteristics of the female double development in the works by the development of the female at various stages. There are different definitions of dual personality in different fields, such as the definition of multi-personality in American psychiatric dictionaries: "One person has two relatively unique and mutually separated sub-personalities, and is a dual personality. It's a psychogenic psychogenic disorder." However, Tolstoevski's dual personality is not medical or psychological, but literature. It's a double personality, more like "double psychology" That is, psychological duality. However, this is different from the ordinary people's ambivalence, and the general people will be ambivalent, but Dostoevsky's characters, especially the female characters to explore this article, their ambivalence is extremely extreme, It is the combination of the two extreme opposing factors and psychological mechanisms of masochism and masochism, and this psychological mechanism continues to develop in Tolstoevsky's work, and finally integrates into one. This paper enumerates the six female images of Tolstoevsky's works, and classifies them according to the masochist and the masochist. The former is Lisa in the basement of the basement. And the last two women were Grushin and katerina in the Karamazov brothers>. Through the text analysis, analyze the language and behavior of these female images, as well as the interaction with other characters in the book and the evaluation of others, expose the psychology of these female images. The study found that the former two are the abused Lisa and Julia, the dominant psychology is the abuse psychology, but also contains the abuse factor, this is the perpetrator's Paulina and Anastasia, the dominant psychology is the abuse psychology, but they also have a strong abuse factor, And they often abuse themselves and abuse others, and often put self-abuse before the abuse. Moreover, the two forces of masochism and abuse are evolving on them, and the size of the two forces varies in different characters. The images of the two women who have come to the , Glushka and Katerina are difficult to be divided into one category of female images, because both images are powerful and integrated, integrate all aspects of the abused and abusive, and find it difficult to find a dominant mind among them. Dostoevsky will be born so many masochistic and abusers as well as complete "Female Dual" Such an image has a relationship with many factors. Through the research and analysis, there are three reasons: first, the personal life of Dostoevsky has certain influence on his works; secondly, the literature tradition of prostitutes in literature, that is, the female complex, has a certain effect on the development of the female; and thirdly, The two images of the masochist and the masochist are intrinsically linked to the theory of polyphonic and carnival. The significance of this thesis is to analyze the different stages and characteristics of female double development in the works of Tolu' s works from the perspective of multiple female images.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I512.074

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