夹缝中行走—论波特诺伊的精神困境

发布时间：2018-10-16 11:36

【摘要】：菲利普·罗斯(1933-)是当代美国文坛上一位特立独行的作家,他不拘一格的写作风格让他在美国文学界独树一帜。身为犹太作家,他的写作并没有囿于自己的民族身份,而是更关注那些普遍困扰人类的问题。他作品中的主题往往涉及衰老和死亡、疾病和折磨、欲望与道德、子女与父母的矛盾以及犹太群体之间复杂的关系。然而,这并不意味着罗斯的作品没有受到其犹太身份的影响。实际上,罗斯作品中最重要的主题可能就是他对于身份问题的理解。但是,和大多数族裔作家不同,比起将犹太人作为一个群体来描述,罗斯更倾向于刻画犹太个体独特的心理特点。因此,无论身为哪个种族,罗斯作品中人物所遭遇的困境其实反映的是全人类的问题。在罗斯的众多作品中,《波特诺伊的怨诉》可以说是其找寻自己写作风格的实验之作。在这部小说中,主人公波特诺伊一心想脱离自己所在的犹太群体。而罗斯则通过塑造这样一个文学人物表达了自己不想被“文学好品味”所束缚的决心。自此,罗斯的创作进入了一个崭新的阶段。从这个意义上来说,《波特诺伊的怨诉》不仅仅是一部重要的文学作品,同时也是罗斯写作生涯中具有里程碑意义的创作。在这部作品中,波特诺伊就像一颗定时炸弹,随时都有爆炸的可能。作品中随处可见的感叹号、黑体字和斜体字更是表现了波特诺伊混乱的内心世界。在这部独白式的小说中,波特诺伊回忆了自己童年的往事,那些记忆至今仍困扰着他的生活。他那无所不在的母亲以及无能的父亲、他对犹太教义的不满以及真正融入美国社会的渴望、他对外族姑娘强烈的性欲,这些都是造成他极度焦虑的来源,并最终导致了他的精神崩溃。本文包括引言和结论共分为六部分。引言部分对菲利普·罗斯以及其作品《波特诺伊的怨诉》进行了简单的概述。此外,该部分还提供了国内外针对此部作品的文献综述。第一章主要分析了波特诺伊焦虑的成因。他强烈的焦虑感主要来自于家庭的影响。此外,他一直徘徊在犹太社区和美国白人社会的边缘。这些都促使了其焦虑的形成。第二章结合了霍尼关于焦虑的观点,在文本细读的基础上,从四个方面分析了波特诺伊焦虑的表现。其中包括:给予和获得爱的态度;内在的不安全感;攻击性以及性欲。波特诺伊内心的焦虑使他渴望被爱,但他却缺乏给予爱和承诺的能力。同时,为了缓解自己的焦虑感,波特诺伊开始了对犹太传统的反抗之路,但这却进一步加重了他的焦虑。当然,波特诺伊仅仅是他所处的犹太社区中最具代表性的一位。由此,第三章选取了该作品中其他几个美国犹太人与波特诺伊进行了比较。同样受到焦虑的困扰,但他们却不能像波特诺伊那样说出自己的想法,和整个犹太权威抗衡。从这个意义上来说,波特诺伊注定要在这场战斗中孤军作战。除了波特诺伊自身的犹太性,他的身份其实更具有社会意义。从某种程度上来说,波特诺伊是美国二十世纪六十年代的代言人。因此,如果波特诺伊处于不同的社会阶段,他的命运可能会因当时的社会状况而发生改变。第四章主要讲述的就是这一点,尽管焦虑问题具有普遍性,但不同时代的人们会因为社会状况的不同而作出不一样的反应。最后,基于以上对波特诺伊焦虑问题的分析,结论部分对前几章的观点进行了总结并指出了本文的研究意义。在《波特诺伊的怨诉》中,罗斯通过对主人公亚历山大·波特诺伊的心理刻画,向读者展现了以波特诺伊为代表的美国犹太青年在融入美国社会时所面临的困境。在犹太传统文化和美国主流文化的双重夹击下,波特诺伊不可避免地陷入了对自我认知的精神困惑中。更值得注意的是,波特诺伊的焦虑不仅仅是美国犹太人所面临的问题,它也反映了当代社会中人们普遍的精神危机和生存困境。这更彰显了该作品的重要意义。
[Abstract]:Philip Rose (1933-) is a maverick writer in the contemporary American literary world. His style of writing makes him unique in the American literary world. As a Jewish writer, his writing is not limited to his own national identity, but is more concerned about the problems that afflict humanity. The themes in his work often relate to aging and death, disease and torture, lust and morality, the contradiction between children and parents, and the complex relationship between Jewish groups. However, this does not mean that Ross's work is not affected by its Jewish identity. In fact, the most important topic in Ross's work may be his understanding of the question of identity. But unlike most ethnic writers, Ross is more inclined to portray Jewish individuals' unique psychological characteristics than using Jews as a group. Therefore, regardless of the race, the plight of the characters in Ross's work actually reflects the problem of all mankind. In Ross's numerous works, can be said to be the experiment of finding his style of writing. In this novel, the protagonist, Pornoy, wanted to get away from his Jewish community. And Ross, by shaping such a literary figure, expressed his intention not to be "Good taste of literature" The determined determination. Since then, Rose's creation has entered a new stage. In this sense, it is not just an important literary work, but also a landmark creation in Ross's writing career. In this work, Pornoy is like a time bomb, with the possibility of an explosion at any time. The exclamation marks, bold characters and italics that are everywhere in the work show the chaos of Pornoy. In this marathon novel, Pornoy recalls his childhood memories, which still plague his life. His omnipresent mother and his inept father, his dissatisfaction with Judaism and the desire to truly integrate into the American society, his strong sexual desire for the foreign girl, was a source of extreme anxiety and eventually led to his mental breakdown. This paper consists of six parts: introduction and conclusion. The introductory part gives a brief overview of Philip Rose and his works 【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074

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