话语权力理论视角下《已知的世界》的解读
发布时间：2018-11-01 17:11
【摘要】：随着多元文化的融合与交流,美国黑人文学逐渐成为美国现实主义文学的一支重要力量,近年来在文学界蓬勃发展。作为当代美国黑人文学的代表作家之一,爱德华· P·琼斯几乎获得了所有知名文学奖项的垂青,被誉为继威廉·福克纳和托尼·莫里森之后最受欢迎的黑人作家。他的代表作品《已知的世界》以黑人奴隶主为切入点,突破肤色对立和种族意识的局限,再现美国历史上蓄奴制的复杂性,从而凸显人类追求权力自身残酷的复杂性特征。以往的研究多从叙事策略、角色理论、新历史主义等层面对小说展开分析,研究小说中的叙事手法、边缘群体的身份建构及蓄奴制背景下激化的种族问题等。本文通过文献研究法,从法国哲学家福柯的话语权力理论视角对贯穿于小说中的话语权力进行分析,目的在于揭示话语权力如何对个体进行规训,个体如何进行反抗和颠覆。美国黑人的身份认同和自我反思是本论文的落脚点和结论所在。本论文由五部分组成:第一章为绪论。简要介绍了作家爱德华·P·琼斯和小说《已知的世界》,梳理了目前国内外对文本的研究现状,整理了话语的概念、权力的概念、话语权力理论的产生、发展、论文中用到的主要话语权力形式以及研究目的和意义。第二章结合福柯的权力理论,总结了文本中两种主要的权力关系。从看似对立的种族、阶层的关系中揭示存在于其中的权力关系,从而凸显白人与黑人之间、奴隶主与奴隶之间复杂的权力关系,为下文话语权力的规训做铺垫。第三章运用分配艺术以及规训手段中的层级监视、规范化裁决和检查理论,结合存在于文本中的主要话语形式,讨论文本中的话语实践。以话语权力理论为理论基础,讨论文本中出现的两种主要话语规训权力,探究话语权力对个体身体以及灵魂两个层面所实施的规训和惩罚,并列举在话语权力规训和压迫下,边缘个体的失语现象。以期展现在权力关系争夺中,占据权力一方利用话语权力对个体所实施的无休止规训。第四章论述对话语权力的反抗和颠覆。以个体实例的形式展现四种不同反抗形式,不论哪种形式,都是个体在经受话语权力的规训下为了追求自由所做出的努力,也是美国黑人在以白人为主的主流话语权力世界中,为了寻求自我认知和身份构建的努力和挣扎。第五章就本论文进行整体总结并指出了本论文的局限性和发展空间。研究结果发现,在权力的争夺中,话语权力并不总是占据在某一方手中,而是随着权力关系的转变,呈现出占据权力一方对另一方的规训和惩罚,以期达到长期占据权力的目的;其次,在以白人为主的主流话语权力世界中,权力占据方和弱势方都承受着权力的规训,权力弱势一方即黑人和奴隶在规训和惩罚之下表现出了无尽的挣扎和彷徨。
[Abstract]:With the amalgamation and communication of multiculturalism, American black literature has gradually become an important force in American realistic literature and has developed vigorously in literary circles in recent years. As one of the representative writers of contemporary American black literature, Edward P. Jones has won almost all the prestigious literary awards, and is regarded as the most popular black writer after William Faulkner and Tony Morrison. His representative work, the known World, takes the black slave owners as the starting point, breaks through the limitations of color opposition and racial consciousness, and reproduces the complexity of slavery in the history of the United States, thus highlighting the cruel complexity of the pursuit of human power itself. The previous studies have mainly analyzed the novel from the aspects of narrative strategy, role theory and new historicism, studied the narrative techniques in the novel, the identity construction of the marginal group and the racial problem intensified under the background of slavery system, and so on. Through literature research, this paper analyzes discourse power throughout the novel from the perspective of French philosopher Foucault's theory of discourse power. The purpose of this analysis is to reveal how discourse power discipline individuals, how individuals resist and subvert them. The purpose and conclusion of this thesis are the identity and self-reflection of black Americans. This thesis consists of five parts: the first chapter is the introduction. This paper briefly introduces the writer Edward P. Jones and his novel the known World, combs the current research situation of the text at home and abroad, arranges the concept of discourse, the concept of power, the emergence and development of the theory of discourse power. The main forms of discourse power used in the thesis and the purpose and significance of the research. The second chapter summarizes the two main power relations in the text combined with Foucault's power theory. From the seemingly antagonistic race, class relations reveal the existing power relations, thus highlighting the white and black, slave owners and slaves between the complex power relationship, for the following discourse of the discipline of power to pave the way. The third chapter discusses the discourse practice in the text by applying the theory of hierarchical monitoring, normative adjudication and checking in the art of distribution and the means of discipline. Combined with the main discourse forms in the text, chapter three discusses the practice of discourse in the text. Based on the theory of discourse power, this paper discusses the two main kinds of discourse discipline power in the text, probes into the discipline and punishment of discourse power on both the body and soul levels of the individual, and enumerates it under the discipline and oppression of the discourse power. Aphasia of marginal individuals. In order to show in the struggle for power relations, the occupying party uses discourse power to implement endless discipline on individuals. Chapter four discusses the resistance and subversion to discourse power. Showing four different forms of resistance in the form of individual examples, regardless of which form, are the efforts made by individuals to pursue freedom under the discipline of discourse power, and are also the mainstream discourse power world in which blacks in the United States are mainly white. Efforts and struggles to seek self-recognition and identity building. The fifth chapter summarizes the whole thesis and points out the limitations and development space of this paper. The results show that discourse power is not always in the hands of one party in the struggle for power, but with the change of power relationship, it shows the discipline and punishment of one party to the other. In order to achieve the goal of occupying power for a long time; Secondly, in the mainstream discourse power world dominated by white people, both the power occupying party and the weak side are subject to the discipline of power, and the weak power side, black and slave, under discipline and punishment, shows endless struggle and loss.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074
本文编号：2304560
[Abstract]:With the amalgamation and communication of multiculturalism, American black literature has gradually become an important force in American realistic literature and has developed vigorously in literary circles in recent years. As one of the representative writers of contemporary American black literature, Edward P. Jones has won almost all the prestigious literary awards, and is regarded as the most popular black writer after William Faulkner and Tony Morrison. His representative work, the known World, takes the black slave owners as the starting point, breaks through the limitations of color opposition and racial consciousness, and reproduces the complexity of slavery in the history of the United States, thus highlighting the cruel complexity of the pursuit of human power itself. The previous studies have mainly analyzed the novel from the aspects of narrative strategy, role theory and new historicism, studied the narrative techniques in the novel, the identity construction of the marginal group and the racial problem intensified under the background of slavery system, and so on. Through literature research, this paper analyzes discourse power throughout the novel from the perspective of French philosopher Foucault's theory of discourse power. The purpose of this analysis is to reveal how discourse power discipline individuals, how individuals resist and subvert them. The purpose and conclusion of this thesis are the identity and self-reflection of black Americans. This thesis consists of five parts: the first chapter is the introduction. This paper briefly introduces the writer Edward P. Jones and his novel the known World, combs the current research situation of the text at home and abroad, arranges the concept of discourse, the concept of power, the emergence and development of the theory of discourse power. The main forms of discourse power used in the thesis and the purpose and significance of the research. The second chapter summarizes the two main power relations in the text combined with Foucault's power theory. From the seemingly antagonistic race, class relations reveal the existing power relations, thus highlighting the white and black, slave owners and slaves between the complex power relationship, for the following discourse of the discipline of power to pave the way. The third chapter discusses the discourse practice in the text by applying the theory of hierarchical monitoring, normative adjudication and checking in the art of distribution and the means of discipline. Combined with the main discourse forms in the text, chapter three discusses the practice of discourse in the text. Based on the theory of discourse power, this paper discusses the two main kinds of discourse discipline power in the text, probes into the discipline and punishment of discourse power on both the body and soul levels of the individual, and enumerates it under the discipline and oppression of the discourse power. Aphasia of marginal individuals. In order to show in the struggle for power relations, the occupying party uses discourse power to implement endless discipline on individuals. Chapter four discusses the resistance and subversion to discourse power. Showing four different forms of resistance in the form of individual examples, regardless of which form, are the efforts made by individuals to pursue freedom under the discipline of discourse power, and are also the mainstream discourse power world in which blacks in the United States are mainly white. Efforts and struggles to seek self-recognition and identity building. The fifth chapter summarizes the whole thesis and points out the limitations and development space of this paper. The results show that discourse power is not always in the hands of one party in the struggle for power, but with the change of power relationship, it shows the discipline and punishment of one party to the other. In order to achieve the goal of occupying power for a long time; Secondly, in the mainstream discourse power world dominated by white people, both the power occupying party and the weak side are subject to the discipline of power, and the weak power side, black and slave, under discipline and punishment, shows endless struggle and loss.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074
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