斯宾塞《牧人月历》中的视图化政治

发布时间：2018-11-06 07:38

【摘要】：亚里士多德曾经说过,从本质上讲人是一种社会性动物。这句话表明了政治是人类社会性的集中表现。政治情感借助于艺术来表达可被称为视觉政治。斯宾塞的读者,称其是一位宫廷画家。宫廷画家蕴含了两部分内容,一部分是政治,另一部分是图像。在斯宾塞的作品中,宫廷表现了其政治功能,这点在《牧人月历》中也有体现。画家表现出斯宾塞对画面感的天赋。斯宾塞的视觉艺术兴趣不言而喻地在《牧人月历》的木刻画中显现出来,成为他大胆的英语诗歌新宣言。本论文结合新历史主义理论及图像学为方法,通过分析《牧人月历》中的视觉意象来挖掘斯宾塞的政治态度以及当时不同阶级不同的政治态度。全文共分为五个部分,其中引言部分介绍了十六世纪都铎王朝的政治环境,其余几部分的主要研究内容及结果如下:第1章通过解读伊丽莎白时期和牧人月历中四月和十一月牧歌的图片以及诗歌内容,表达了作者对伊丽莎白一世的赞美。在这一章中,我们可以看到斯宾塞使用了包含希腊神话,圣经的光及白色的意象在内的不同的视觉隐喻来赞美她的童贞和荣耀。第二部分,虽然木刻画和十一月牧歌表面上描写了女王的死亡,一些证据和文学评论表明,斯宾塞试图通过对女王的神化否认她的政治错误。第2章论述了牧人月历中的政治及宗教的讽刺。在二月的牧歌中,“野蔷薇”要求牧羊人切断“橡树”,其象征着天主教的沦陷,庇护人和修辞策略从而显现了出来。然而,结合这一视觉意象我们可以找到橡树,教会和野蔷薇即农夫,宫廷和君主的联系。回顾伊丽莎白时期历史,这个视觉意象隐含着皇室的掠夺行为。皇室掠夺的影响表明,以君主为主的庇护制度,实质上只是为其下属的利益和自己的权力服务。第3章通过对来自不同教会的两位牧师关于木刻画中五月节描述的解读,着重分析了“家长”隐喻的动机和人们的反馈。我们不难发现,在那样一个时代,“母亲的关怀”实质上是君主的命令。第4章通过分析了《牧人月历》七月篇章牧师的讨论内容,关于“上层阶级”与“低层阶级”间的较量。通过对版画、托玛琳和莫雷尔之间的争论,可以发现为穷人说话的托玛琳认为基督教的核心应该是帮助贫困的人们。而代表了高阶层的莫雷尔,坚持认为穷人生来有罪,政府不需要干预贫困。最后一部分是论文的结论,斯宾塞具有很强的视觉艺术天赋,通过视觉解读,《牧人月历》这一作品表现出了作者复杂的政治态度和伊丽莎白一世时期的历史文化,也反应了当时不同社会阶层的不同政治态度。
[Abstract]:Aristotle once said that man is essentially a social animal. This statement shows that politics is a concentrated expression of human sociality. Political emotion can be called visual politics by means of art. Spencer's readers call him a court painter. Court painters contain two parts, one is politics, the other is image. In Spencer's works, the court shows its political function, which is also reflected in the Shepherd's Calendar. The painter showed Spencer's gift for painting. Spencer's interest in visual arts is self-evident in the woodcut paintings of the Shepherd's Calendar, becoming his bold new manifesto of English poetry. Based on the theory of New historicism and the method of imageology, this paper analyzes the visual images in the Shepherd Calendar to explore Spencer's political attitude and the different political attitudes of different classes at that time. The paper is divided into five parts, the introduction of which introduces the political environment of the Tudor dynasty in the 16th century. The main contents and results of the other parts are as follows: chapter 1 expresses the author's praise of Elizabeth I by interpreting the pictures and poems of the pastoral songs of April and November in the Elizabeth period and pastoral calendar. In this chapter, we can see that Spencer uses different visual metaphors including Greek mythology, biblical light and white images to praise her virginity and glory. The second part, although woodcut paintings and November pastoral songs ostensibly depict the Queen's death, some evidence and literary commentary suggest that Spencer tried to deny her political error by deifying the Queen. Chapter 2 discusses the satire of politics and religion in the pastoral calendar. In February, the Wild Rose demanded that the shepherd cut the Oak, symbolizing the fall of Catholicism, patronage and rhetorical tactics. Combined with this visual image, however, we can find links between oak trees, churches and wild roses, namely farmers, courts and monarchs. Looking back at the history of Elizabeth, this visual image implies royal plunder. The influence of royal plunder shows that the monarch-dominated asylum system serves only the interests of its subordinates and its own power. Chapter 3 analyzes the motivations of the metaphor of "parents" and the feedback from people through the interpretation of the description of May Festival in woodcut paintings by two priests from different churches. It is not difficult to find that, in such an age, "mother's care" is essentially a monarch's command. Chapter 4 analyzes the discussion of the pastor in the July chapter of the Shepherd Calendar, and discusses the contest between the upper class and the lower class. Through the debate between printmaking, Tomalin and Morrel, it can be found that Tomalin, speaking for the poor, believes that the heart of Christianity should be helping the poor. Morrel, representing the high-class, insisted that the poor were born guilty and that the government did not need to intervene in poverty. The last part is the conclusion of the paper. Spencer has a strong talent for visual art. Through visual interpretation, the Shepherd Calendar shows the author's complicated political attitude and the history and culture of Elizabeth I. It also reflects the different political attitudes of different social strata at that time.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I561.072

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