芥川龙之介的《鼻》的主人公人生悲剧的社会文化原因之分析

发布时间：2018-12-17 17:43

【摘要】：主人公内供身为僧侣,本该一心向往来世净土,内心却一直为“与众不同”的长鼻苦恼不堪。他苦心孤诣用尽一切办法想改变奇怪的鼻子。但是,当鼻子终于变短之后,却惹来更多嘲笑。作者尖锐地刻画了人们的利己主义心理,批判人性的冷淡和自私自利。不管内供的鼻子是长是短,都会遭到周围人的嘲笑。他人的嘲笑是内供苦恼的外部原因。而内部原因则是主人公内供自身的从众心理和自我意识的缺乏。归根到底,根本原因则是日本社会特有的集团意识、“耻”文化和“依赖”心理的。在这样一种社会文化背景下,内供即使作为高僧,却依旧被世俗牵绊。《鼻》不仅批判了人性的自私、虚荣、虚伪,还深刻分析了如何取得个人追求的实现与社会文化之间的平衡。本论文从社会文化层面出发,通过深刻剖析人物形象,全面地探究造成内供人生悲剧的原因。本文共分为序章、第一章、第二章、第三章和终章。序章介绍了关于芥川龙之介的作品《鼻》的先行研究以及本研究的目的所在。第一章分析《鼻》的主人公内供的人物形象原型。通过比较作者芥川龙之介和小说主人公内供各自的身份和不安,得出结论:(1)芥川龙之介和内供都是被世俗所束缚、被他人目光左右而陷入痛苦的深渊;(2)小说中内供复杂的心理状态和矛盾的思想正是作者芥川龙之介的内心独白。第二章探究主人公内供人生悲剧的根源。主要从集团主义而生的从众心理、“耻”文化带来的虚荣心和自卑感、以及因“依赖”心理造成的徒劳无功等三个方面进行详细论述。第三章阐述启示和现实意义。启示主要有三个方面,是针对日本社会文化的感悟:(1)集团主义——积极面如天堂,消极面如地狱;(2)“耻”文化——使自己提高,也让自己痛苦;(3)“依赖”心理——想博得同情,却成可怜人。现实意义主要是自己的思考,有四点:(1)正确评价自己,拥有自己的评价标准。(2)同情弱者,与人友善。(3)相信自己,从爱自己出发。(4)拥有豁达的心态,放弃并不总是坏的。终章得出结论:内供人生悲剧的根源是日本特有的社会文化。因集团主义而生的从众心理、“耻”文化带来的虚荣心和自卑感以及“依赖”心理下的自我意识缺失。在这样的社会背景下,不管怎样改变,都摆脱不了他人的目光,痛苦也就无法终结。在现实生活中,我们要正确地认识自己,拥有客观评价自己的标准和原则,这是非常重要也是非常必要的。对于陷入不幸的人抱有同情心。同时,相信自己,以豁达的心态,面对生活。
[Abstract]:As a monk, the protagonist should yearn for the afterlife Pure Land, but his heart has always been "different" long nose distress. He tried everything he could to change his strange nose. However, when the nose finally became shorter, it caused more ridicule. The author sharply depicts people's egoism and criticizes the apathy and selfishness of human nature. Whether the supplied nose is long or short, it will be laughed at by the people around it. The ridicule of others is an external cause of distress. The internal reason is the lack of conformity psychology and self-consciousness in the protagonist. In the final analysis, the root cause is the unique group consciousness, shame culture and dependence psychology in Japanese society. In such a social and cultural context, even as a senior monk, but still by the secular constraints. Not only criticized the selfishness of human nature, vanity, hypocrisy, It also analyzes how to achieve the balance between individual pursuit and social culture. From the aspect of social culture, this paper probes into the causes of the tragedy of life from the perspective of social culture. This paper is divided into preface chapter, chapter one, chapter two, chapter three and final chapter. The preface chapter introduces the advance research on the works of Longjie mustard and the purpose of this study. The first chapter analyzes the character prototype of the protagonist in nose. By comparing the identity and uneasiness of the author and the protagonist of the novel, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) both of them are trapped by the common customs and trapped in the abyss of pain by the eyes of others; (2) the complex psychological state and contradictory thought in the novel is the author's inner monologue. The second chapter explores the root of the hero's life tragedy. This paper discusses in detail from three aspects: group mentality, vanity and inferiority brought about by "shame" culture, and futility caused by "dependence" psychology. The third chapter elaborates the enlightenment and the realistic significance. The enlightenment mainly includes three aspects: (1) collectivism-the positive side is heaven, the negative side is like hell; (2) "shame" culture makes oneself improve and make oneself suffer; (3) "dependence" psychology-wants to win sympathy, but becomes a poor person. The practical significance is mainly one's own thinking. There are four points: (1) to evaluate oneself correctly, and to have his own evaluation criteria; (2) to sympathize with the weak, to be friendly with others; (3) to believe in himself, and to start from loving himself; (4) to have an open-minded mentality. Giving up is not always bad. The final chapter concludes that the root of the life tragedy is the unique social culture of Japan. Group mentality, vanity and inferiority brought about by shame culture, and lack of self-consciousness in dependent psychology. In such a social context, no matter how change, can not get away from the eyes of others, pain can not be over. In real life, it is very important and necessary for us to know ourselves correctly and have the criteria and principles to evaluate ourselves objectively. Be compassionate to those who are caught in misfortune. At the same time, believe in yourself, with an open-minded attitude, facing life.
【学位授予单位】：天津理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I313.074

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