女性主义乌托邦建构—析门罗《逃离》中的女性乌托邦世界

发布时间：2019-06-04 09:48

【摘要】：本文以乌托邦、女性主义及女性主义乌托邦为理论框架,以《逃离》中的八个短篇小说为研究文本,分析和讨论了艾丽丝·门罗如何解构父权社会的二元对立,指出传统乌托邦仍以男性为主题、女性为依附的缺陷,从而建构她的女性主义乌托邦,探索女性生活的不同道路。乌托邦的构建可以追溯到公元前六世纪的希伯来人。古希腊大哲学家柏拉图曾以对话体创作《理想国》,详细描述了他眼中的理想国度。但在这位伟人的叙述中,女性的地位十分低下,她们甚至可以被分享。乌托邦文学是以托马斯·莫尔的《乌托邦》为开端,但在该部作品中,女性仍然是百受欺凌,倘若婚前失贞便会受到十分严重的惩罚。如果女性无法诞下后代,则会成为“公妻”。而在其他男性所描绘的乌托邦中,女性大部分都经历着非常痛苦的生活,没有任何权利和自由。早期女性主义者认为,人类社会是建立在以男性为中心的父权体系上的,主张改变女性在社会中的附属地位,从而实现绝对意义上的男女平等。早期的女性主义走入了某种极端,但绝对的男女平等不存在实现的意义。倘若实现了这样的绝对平等,由于男女生理及心理上的必然差异,又会带来新的不平等。因此,女性主义乌托邦旨在构建一个女性可以自由选择生活的社会,不受其他人的束缚。本文在大量阅读文献并结合文本细读的基础上,探讨了门罗在《逃离》中通过八个短篇、六个故事构建起来的女性主义乌托邦,即女性必须走入社会,扮演自己的角色,作为女儿,妻子,母亲,女性也应该拥有自己的独立生活。她们不属于任何人,她们拥有自由和选择的权利。在遇到爱情和婚姻时,女性完全有能力为自己决策,并承担相应的责任与后果。在性的问题上,女性也应该勇敢和主动地地去做自己想做的事情。门罗通过对女性不同角色的塑造,以及遇到不同困境时的处理方式,解构了父权社会的二元对立,构建了一个女性可以享有自由、快乐与幸福的女性主义乌托邦社会。同时她也抨击了当今社会将女性所遭受的不平等完全归结于男性社会的思想。门罗认为,女性想要获得自己想要的生活,首先改变自己才是最重要的。
[Abstract]:Based on the theoretical framework of utopia, feminism and feminist utopia, and taking the eight short stories in Escape as the research text, this paper analyzes and discusses how Alice Munro deconstructs the dualistic antagonism of patriarchal society. It is pointed out that the traditional utopia still takes men as the theme and women as the attachment, so as to construct her feminist utopia and explore the different ways of women's life. The construction of utopia can be traced back to the Hebrews in the sixth century BC. Plato, an ancient Greek philosopher, created the ideal country in his eyes in dialogue. But in the narrative of the great man, the status of women is so low that they can even be shared. Utopian literature begins with Thomas Moore's Utopia, but in this work, women are still bullied and will be severely punished if they lose their virginity before marriage. If a woman is unable to give birth to her offspring, she will become a public wife. In the utopia described by other men, most women experience a very painful life without any rights and freedoms. Early feminists believed that human society was based on a male-centered patriarchal system and advocated changing the subordinate position of women in society so as to achieve equality between men and women in an absolute sense. Early feminism went to some extreme, but absolute equality between men and women did not exist the meaning of realization. If such absolute equality is achieved, there will be new inequalities due to the inevitable physical and psychological differences between men and women. Therefore, feminist utopia aims to build a society in which women can freely choose to live, free from the bondage of others. On the basis of reading a large number of literature and carefully reading the text, this paper probes into the feminist utopia constructed by Munro through eight short articles and six stories in his escape, that is, women must enter the society and play their own role. As daughters, wives, mothers, women should also have their own independent life. They do not belong to anyone, they have the right to freedom and choice. In the encounter of love and marriage, women are fully able to make decisions for themselves and bear the corresponding responsibilities and consequences. When it comes to sex, women should also be brave and proactive in doing what they want to do. Through the shaping of different roles of women and the handling of different dilemmas, Munro deconstructs the dualistic antagonism of patriarchal society and constructs a feminist utopian society in which women can enjoy freedom, happiness and happiness. At the same time, she also attacked the idea that today's society ascribes the inequality suffered by women to the idea of male society. Munro believes that it is most important for women to change themselves in the first place if they want to get the life they want.
【学位授予单位】：华东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I711.074

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