空间叙事方式在《押沙龙，押沙龙

发布时间：2019-06-14 04:24

【摘要】：自“空间转向”于20世纪末出现在批评理论领域,叙事理论关注的焦点便开始集中在空间问题上,空间叙事已成为组织文学语言的重要手段。叙事媒介多种多样,应该承认,媒介的重要性是不言而喻的,但无可否认,语言文字仍是主要的,也是最好、最适用的叙事媒介。因此,对于一部文学作品中的语言,如何从空间叙事方式的角度去分析,这是语言表征研究要解决的重要问题。美国小说家威廉·福克纳的巅峰之作《押沙龙,押沙龙!》将晦涩的语言、多层次的空间结构以及丰富的蕴涵运用到了极致,但文学界对其在空间语言的表征方面尚缺乏充分且有深度的研究。空间叙事方式的语言表征离不开多层次的叙事结构、不断变换的叙事视角以及隐喻性的场景组合等等,而这些叙事策略在《押沙龙》中均得到了充分的展现。首先,文章对空间叙事理论进行了深度剖析,将其归为三方面,分别为空间叙事环境、空间叙事结构和空间叙事视角,而象征空间方位关系的语言表达贯穿其中。语言表达服务于空间叙事方式,反过来,空间叙事方式将语言从空间隐喻和系统功能语法里整合出来。其次,从《押沙龙,押沙龙!》中发现的大量语言表达都可以归类为环境、结构和视角三个主要层面,通过分类整理其中表达空间关系的语言意象,可以建立空间叙事理论和语言表达方式的映射关系。文章对作品中语言意象进行了逐类逐层的分析,总结出其中语言叙事的三个典型特点,即多重叙事视角、隐喻性叙事场景和交叉式叙事结构。最后,借用系统功能语法中的意念、人际和语篇三大“元功能”,结合文中空间语言的特点提炼出表征功能和交际功能,由于作品的空间叙事方式均通过人物话语和隐喻表达来阐释,系统功能语法对语言如何实现表征提供了理论指导,《押沙龙》中丰富的语言表达形式为空间叙事理论提供了丰富的语料支撑。文章由此得出一个观点:文学作品的空间叙事方式研究可以整合空间叙事理论、系统功能语法和语言表征理论。空间叙事理论为整个叙事方式搭建了宏观的理论框架;系统功能可以作为研究的语言学基础,探讨语言的表征和交际功能与空间叙事方式的语言表征特点的吻合程度与方式,从而为空间叙事方式的研究获得更多更翔实的语言支撑;语言表征方式为空间叙事理论提供了表达的媒介。无论是在叙事视角、叙事结构,还是在叙事语言层面,《押沙龙》呈现了丰富的空间叙事层次,很大程度上佐证了该理论的运用广度和深度,也为语言研究提供了新的领域和课题。
[Abstract]:Since the "spatial turn" appeared in the field of critical theory at the end of the 20th century, the focus of narrative theory has begun to focus on space, and spatial narration has become an important means of organizing literary language. There are many kinds of narrative media, it should be recognized that the importance of media is self-evident, but undeniably, language is still the main, but also the best, the most suitable narrative media. Therefore, how to analyze the language in a literary work from the perspective of spatial narrative is an important problem to be solved in the study of language representation. Absalom, Absalom!, the pinnacle of American novelist William Faulkner, applies obscure language, multi-level spatial structure and rich implication to the extreme, but there is still a lack of sufficient and in-depth research on its representation in space language. The language representation of spatial narrative mode can not be separated from multi-level narrative structure, constantly changing narrative perspective and metaphorical scene combination, and so on, and these narrative strategies have been fully demonstrated in Absalom. First of all, the paper makes an in-depth analysis of the spatial narrative theory and classifies it into three aspects, namely, the spatial narrative environment, the spatial narrative structure and the spatial narrative perspective, and the linguistic expression of the symbolic spatial orientation relationship runs through it. Language expression serves the spatial narrative mode, which, in turn, integrates language from spatial metaphor and systemic functional grammar. Secondly, a large number of language expressions found in Absalom, Absalom! can be classified into three main levels: environment, structure and perspective. By sorting out the linguistic images that express spatial relations, the mapping relationship between spatial narrative theory and language expression can be established. This paper makes a category-by-layer analysis of language images in the works, and summarizes three typical characteristics of language narration, namely, multiple narrative perspectives, metaphorical narrative scenes and intersecting narrative structures. Finally, using the three "metafunctions" of idea, interpersonal and discourse in systemic functional grammar, combined with the characteristics of spatial language in this paper, the representation function and communicative function are abstracted. Because the spatial narrative mode of the works is explained through character discourse and metaphorical expression, systemic functional grammar provides theoretical guidance on how to realize language representation. The rich forms of language expression in Absalom provide rich corpus support for spatial narrative theory. This paper draws a viewpoint that the study of spatial narrative mode of literary works can integrate spatial narrative theory, systemic functional grammar and language representation theory. The spatial narrative theory sets up a macro theoretical framework for the whole narrative mode; the systematic function can be used as the linguistic basis of the study, and discusses the degree and mode of the coincidence between the linguistic representation and the communicative function of the spatial narrative mode, so as to obtain more and more detailed language support for the study of the spatial narrative mode, and the language representation mode provides the medium of expression for the spatial narrative theory. Whether in the narrative perspective, narrative structure, or in the narrative language level, Absalom presents a wealth of spatial narrative levels, to a large extent, confirms the breadth and depth of the theory, but also provides a new field and topic for language research.
【学位授予单位】：四川外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074

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