“有闻必录”：一个中国新闻口号的兴衰

发布时间：2018-02-10 01:19

本文关键词： “有闻必录” 口号兴衰新闻活动中国新闻业　出处：《南京师范大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“有闻必录”是横贯晚清民国报界极具感召力的新闻口号,它自1870年代被《申报》引入报刊之后,便长期盘踞在新闻界的话语舞台上,堪称中国近现代报刊史上知名度最高的口号。然而,历史上风行一时的“有闻必录”却给今人留下了种种困惑:(1)该口号从何而来,它有着哪些具体内涵,其发展演进宏观历程究竟是怎样的?(2)对中国新闻界来说,这样一个口号的存在,到底意味了什么,其在历史语境中的必要性与合理性到底在哪里?(3)这样一个在实践操作中有悖常理的新闻认知,为何会在中国新闻界兴起,又为何能够有着绵延长久的生命力?循着“新文化史”的宏观取向,借助历史文献、“话语”分析等研究办法,本研究试图从整体上勾勒“有闻必录”口号的演进脉络。本文之重心,就是要在具体的历史语境中揭露该口号的兴衰动因,进而回答上述几点困惑。研究的主体内容共六章,以时间为线索展开了叙述。前三章主要考察了 “有闻必录”在报界出现、扩散与风行的兴起历程,后三章则探讨了该口号被质疑、坚守乃至抛弃的衰退经过。在兴起阶段,文章指出,“有闻必录”的出现与《申报》的商业诉求密不可分,它形塑了新式报刊在新闻活动中的“有闻”优势;此种话语优势,在“史家记事”等古典文化传统的阐释影响下,逐步具备了正当地位,被更多的报刊所接受;直到20世纪初期,在政府管控新闻界的背景下,“有闻必录”成为了新闻人反抗“不录”管控的“必录”抗争话语,进而风行了整个新闻行业。在衰退阶段,研究认为,“五四”时期知识精英站在西方新闻理念等思潮下的集体性反思首次强烈冲击了该口号存在的正当性基础,精英话语开始呼唤新的活动准则;面对此景,新闻从业者虽开始了自我反思,却也因政界的打压与新闻活动的分化等现实因素的存在,始终对其不乏坚守;待到1940年代前后,在战时的新闻动员与政党新闻业的报业改造过程中,新闻活动渐渐形塑了新的行为规则,“有闻必录”存在的合理性因素全然丧失,成为了一个在批判中被不断言说的口号。在此基础上,文章表示,“有闻必录”应当被视为一个形塑中国新闻活动边界的本土话语,有着独特的历史价值。该口号讨论的“闻”与“录”话题,触及了新闻活动中关于信息采集与发布这一根本的边界问题,其兴衰历程展现了中国新闻业对于“如何从事新闻工作”的自我思考。中国传统文化元素与本土报业实践语境的融入,使得这一颇具“地方感”的行业话语参与到了新闻活动的边界塑造中,影响了中国新闻业的面貌呈现。此外,时人在历史语境中对“闻”与“录”关系命题的回答,将为我们重新审视当下新闻活动及其边界问题提供有益启发。
[Abstract]:"there must be a record" is a very inspiring news slogan across the late Qing and Republic of China. Since it was introduced into newspapers in the 1870s, it has long been on the discourse stage of the press. It can be regarded as the most famous slogan in the history of Chinese modern newspapers and periodicals. However, the popular "you must record" in history has left people with all sorts of puzzles about where the slogan came from, and what specific connotations it has. What is the macroscopic course of its development and evolution? (2) what does the existence of such a slogan mean for the Chinese press, and where is its necessity and rationality in the historical context? (3) how can such a news cognition, which is contrary to common sense in practice, rise in the Chinese press, and why can it have a lasting vitality? Following the macro-orientation of "New Cultural History", with the help of historical documents, discourse analysis and other research methods, this study attempts to outline the overall evolution of the slogan "there must be recorded". That is, to expose the reasons for the rise and fall of the slogan in a specific historical context, and then to answer the above several puzzles. The main body of the study consists of six chapters. The first three chapters mainly examine the emergence, diffusion and popularity of "Youwen Bilu" in the press, while the latter three chapters discuss the decline in which the slogan has been questioned, adhered to and even abandoned. The article points out that the appearance of "Youwen Bilu" is closely related to the commercial demands of "declaration", which has shaped the "informed" advantage of new newspapers and periodicals in news activities, and this kind of discourse advantage. Influenced by the interpretation of classical cultural traditions, such as the chronicle of historians, it gradually assumed its rightful place and was accepted by more newspapers and periodicals until the beginning of 20th century. In the context of the government's control of the press, "you must record" has become a "must-record" protest discourse for journalists to resist "not recording" control, which has become popular throughout the news industry. During the recession, The study holds that the collective reflection of the intellectual elite during the May 4th Movement, standing under the thought of Western news ideas, strongly impacted the legitimacy of the slogan for the first time, and the elite discourse began to call for new norms of activity. Although journalists began to reflect on themselves, but also because of the political repression and the division of news activities and other practical factors, they have always adhered to it; until the 1940s or so, In the process of news mobilization in wartime and the reform of the newspaper industry of political parties, news activities gradually shaped new rules of conduct, and the reasonable factors of the existence of "you must record" were completely lost. On the basis of this, the article says, "have a story must be recorded" should be regarded as a local discourse that shaped the boundary of China's news activities. It has unique historical value. The topic of "news" and "record" discussed by the slogan touches on the fundamental boundary of information collection and distribution in news activities. The process of its rise and fall shows the self-reflection of Chinese journalism on how to engage in journalism, the integration of the elements of Chinese traditional culture and the practical context of local newspaper industry. This "local sense" industry discourse has been involved in the boundary shaping of news activities and affected the appearance of Chinese journalism. In addition, in the historical context, the answer to the relationship between "smell" and "record" is given. It will provide a useful inspiration for us to re-examine the current news activities and their boundaries.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G219.29

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