变动新闻业中的“非虚构写作”

发布时间：2018-02-21 09:37

本文关键词： 非虚构写作新闻生产新闻业新媒体新闻文本　出处：《武汉大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：非虚构写作的理念兴盛于二十世纪六十年代的美国,其理念从非虚构小说和新新闻主义的合流中产生。非虚构写作是指一切以现实元素为背景的写作行为,其具有真实性、文学性和叙事性的特征。非虚构写作的目的是呈现一个完整的故事,并通过文学性的手法呈现事件中的复杂性。非虚构写作在2012年左右开始在中国新闻业的话语中扮演不可忽视的角色,其背后有着复杂且处于剧烈变动的中国现实、市场化媒体遭遇生存危机、国外非虚构写作先例带来的示范效应的结构性因素存在。对于记者而言,他们通过将本可以限制在新闻业逻辑中的"特稿"转换成有更多文学领域指向的"非虚构写作",试图重新寻找职业合法性、重塑职业权威。从职业认知的角度看,记者群体试图通过这种更名,进行从记者到作家的身份的转变。借用新技术的力量,记者开始走向前台进行自我赋权,试图成为新闻的主角。在非虚构写作者的职业想象中,他们不再将实现社会价值作为排位第一的价值标准,取而代之的以自我实现为核心的功利主义取向。在商业逻辑的影响下,具有强情节推动特征的叙事模式受到追捧,这使得新闻的题材走向单一。在商业的排他性前提下,新闻的真实性被单篇报道所垄断,记者和当事人签订不接受他人采访的合约,作为过程的真实性不复存在。在非虚构写作中,记者主体不再它隐藏自己的倾向,第一人称的"我"频繁出现在文本中。非虚构写作代表的新闻业,是一个商业逻辑占主导的组成部分,在这种实践过程中新闻业的职业边界被拓宽。在其中,新闻业的原则处于冲突之中,新闻专业主义在中国的生存空间愈发狭窄。为了这种实践形式能良性发展,新闻业要拓宽对于非虚构写作的理解,摆脱模式化的题材选择,并将其作为新闻业的补充部分,而不是主流逻辑。解决新闻业危机的关键,还是在于重塑信息传播的能力,以信息的获取传递与解读重新获得合法性。
[Abstract]:The idea of non-fiction writing flourished in the United States in 1960s, and its idea was derived from the combination of non-fiction novels and neo-journalism. Non-fiction writing refers to all writing activities with the background of realistic elements and its authenticity. The characteristics of literariness and narrative. The purpose of nonfiction writing is to present a complete story. In 2012, non-fiction writing began to play an important role in the discourse of Chinese journalism. The market-oriented media encounter survival crisis, and the structural factors of the demonstration effect brought about by foreign non-fictitious writing precedents exist. By converting "feature", which could have been confined to journalistic logic, into "nonfiction" that has more literary directions, they are trying to re-search for professional legitimacy and restore professional authority. The group of journalists tried to change their identity from journalist to writer through this change of name. With the power of new technology, journalists began to come forward and empower themselves, trying to be the protagonists of the news. In the professional imagination of nonfiction writers, They no longer regard the realization of social value as the first value criterion, but instead take the self-actualization as the core of utilitarianism. Under the influence of the commercial logic, the narrative mode with strong plot driven characteristic is sought after. Under the premise of commercial exclusiveness, the authenticity of news is monopolized by a single article, and journalists and parties sign contracts not to be interviewed by others. The authenticity of the process no longer exists. In nonfiction writing, the journalist's subject no longer hides his or her tendency, and the first person's "I" is frequently present in the text. Is a dominant part of business logic, in which the professional boundaries of journalism are broadened, in which the principles of journalism are in conflict, In order for this practical form to develop healthily, journalism should broaden its understanding of non-fiction writing, get rid of the stylized choice of subject matter, and take it as a supplementary part of journalism. Instead of mainstream logic, the key to solve the crisis of journalism lies in reinventing the ability of information dissemination, obtaining, transmitting and interpreting information to regain legitimacy.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G212.2

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