虚拟现实：媒介属性与新闻叙事的关系研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 04:19

本文选题：虚拟现实　切入点：媒介属性　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：技术总是不断更新迭代,如同人类社会的"推进器",推动时代的发展。2014年初,Facebook 20亿美元收购虚拟现实技术公司Oculus,正式宣布进入虚拟现实领域,虚拟现实技术(Virtual Reality,简称VR)真正走进了大众视野。虚拟现实技术的发展不仅引发了资本市场的震动,也影响了人类社会各个行业的发展,包括传媒业。虚拟现实技术的出现满足了新媒体语境下受众对"临场感"要求,作品互动性增强,受众成为参与者,通过技术手段"沉浸"在环境之中,产生共情(empathy)效应,虚拟现实成为一种新兴传播媒介,就此继而成全了一种全新新闻报道形式——虚拟现实新闻(VR新闻)。叙事学被引入到新闻传播学领域,成为一门交叉学科即新闻叙事学,为新闻文本研究提供了一个新的理论视角和框架。几乎每种新媒介的出现都会影响新闻叙事的变化。"虚拟现实+新闻"未来的发展动向,仍处于雾里看花的阶段。如何成为适应技术发展的全媒体工作者,是从业者眼下面临的问题。本研究首先对研究所涉及的名词概念进行解析。立足传播学,"技术.决定论"、"人性趋势化"等观点为"虚拟现实作为媒介形态"提供了理论支撑。本文将对虚拟现实进行媒介属性解读,提出虚拟现实具备自主选择性、交互性、沉浸性、真实性和趣味性等媒介特征,满足了新闻业对"还原真相"的进一步需求。根据技术在新闻界的应用现状和实践情况,将虚拟现实新闻分为CGI(计算机合成图像)、2D全景视频、3D全景视频三种类型,并提出"有深度信息"的3D全景视频将成为虚拟现实新闻最常见的成熟形态。笔者对"VR新闻实验室"与《纽约时报》的近500条VR全景视频新闻作品进行了整理,初步分析了虚拟现实新闻的题材类型。分析虚拟现实的媒介属性和新闻叙事的关系,虚拟现实的媒介属性推动新闻叙事的变革,并且决定着新闻叙事的变革方向,新闻叙事的变革也是媒介发展的必然结果。在虚拟现实的冲击下,新闻表达范式进行重构。从叙事角度,总结虚拟现实作为媒介对一般新闻叙事的影响:与一般新闻叙事相比,叙事内容呈现从表层信息到深度叙事的趋势,叙事空间从"缺席"转向"遥在",叙事结构不再以线性结构出现,信息依靠受者挖掘,叙事语言的表达不再只依赖文本,而是运用多种符号,而叙事风格则趋向"实用+审美"。最后,综合虚拟现实的媒介属性,本研究总结出多条叙事策略,其中包括叙事选题需有针对性、叙事视角单一性、叙事时间与故事时间同步化、叙事符号应用的多样化、叙事结构简单化以及其他叙事技巧。由于VR/AR设备尚未普及,本研究尝试从生产者角度来看待虚拟现实新闻,与行业从业者进行访谈,一步步证实观点。希望为志在成为虚拟现实新闻的从业者的人,提供实践和学习方向参考。
[Abstract]:Technology is constantly updated and iterated, like the "thruster" of human society, driving the development of the times. In early 2014, Facebook bought Oculus, a virtual reality technology company, for $2 billion, and officially announced its entry into virtual reality. Virtual reality technology (VRV) has come into the public vision. The development of virtual reality technology not only causes the shock of capital market, but also affects the development of various industries in human society. Including the media industry. The emergence of virtual reality technology meets the needs of the audience for "presence" in the new media context, the works become more interactive, the audience becomes participants, and through technical means "immerse" in the environment, producing empathy and empathyeffect. Virtual reality has become a new medium of communication, and has thus become a new form of news reporting-virtual reality news / VR news. Narratology has been introduced into the field of news communication and become an interdisciplinary subject, that is, news narratology. It provides a new theoretical perspective and framework for the study of news texts. The emergence of almost every new medium will affect the changes of news narration. It's still in the fog. How to be an all-media worker to adapt to the development of technology, This study first analyzes the concept of nouns involved in the study. Based on the views of communication, "technology. Determinism" and "trend of human nature", etc., it provides "virtual reality as a media form" This paper will interpret the media attributes of virtual reality. It is pointed out that virtual reality has the characteristics of independent selectivity, interactivity, immersion, authenticity and interest, which satisfies the further demand of journalism for "restoring truth". According to the present situation of application and practice of technology in the press, the paper points out that virtual reality has the characteristics of self-selection, interactivity, immersion, authenticity and interest. The virtual reality news is divided into three types: CGI (computer synthetic image / 2D panoramic video / 3D panorama video). It is proposed that 3D panoramic video with "depth information" will become the most common mature form of virtual reality news. The author collates nearly 500 VR panoramic video news works of "VR News Lab" and "New York Times". This paper analyzes the subject matter types of virtual reality news, analyzes the relationship between the media attribute of virtual reality and news narration, the media attribute of virtual reality promotes the change of news narrative, and determines the direction of news narrative reform. The change of news narrative is also the inevitable result of media development. Under the impact of virtual reality, news expression paradigm is reconstructed. From the perspective of narrative, the influence of virtual reality on general news narrative is summarized. Narrative content shows the trend from surface information to deep narrative, narrative space changes from "absent" to "distant", narrative structure no longer appears as a linear structure, information is mined by the recipient, and the expression of narrative language no longer depends on text only. Instead, it uses a variety of symbols, while the narrative style tends to be "practical aesthetic". Finally, by synthesizing the media attributes of virtual reality, this study summarizes several narrative strategies, including the need for targeted narrative topics, the singularity of narrative perspective, The synchronization of narrative time and story time, the diversification of narrative symbols, the simplification of narrative structure and other narrative techniques. As VR/AR devices have not been popularized, this study attempts to look at virtual reality news from the perspective of producers. Interviews with industry practitioners, step by step proof of view, hope to become virtual reality news practitioners, to provide practical and learning direction reference.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G210.7

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