西方信息研究进路述评

发布时间：2018-05-30 12:30

本文选题：信息 + 测量　；参考：《自然辩证法通讯》2017年01期

【摘要】：由于信息概念在众多学科中都起着重要的作用,不同学科根据其不同的目标和不同的历史背景,分别采取了不同的方式来处理信息概念。根据研究进路的不同,西方信息研究可分为九类:数学进路目的在于为信息的测量提供精确的数学方法,主要有通信的数学理论、计算理论和组合理论;语义进路研究被数学进路所忽视的语义信息,目的在于提出信息的语义内容的测量;逻辑进路则将信息概念应用于逻辑之中,为逻辑研究带来了新的启示;动力学理论则关注信息的因果动力学过程,力图厘清信息与因果过程的关系,为信息研究提供科学基础;信号博弈论则运用合作博弈论的成果,以自然主义的精神来解决信号是如何自发地涌现出来的问题;泛信息主义则将信息视为像物质、能量一样的宇宙的基本性质——信息不是被解释的对象,而是解释其他现象的出发点。符号学进路则跟随皮尔斯符号学的脚步,提出了富有洞见的符号学信息理论;哲学进路则研究信息概念或信息现象的哲学意蕴,主要包含信息的哲学反思和信息哲学作为第一哲学两种观点;跨学科进路认为信息是多层次涌现的复杂现象,应该以跨学科的角度进行研究。虽然不同研究进路中信息概念的涵义不尽相同,但却可以相互借鉴,为信息研究的未来发展提供坚实的基础。
[Abstract]:Because information concept plays an important role in many disciplines, different disciplines take different approaches to deal with information concepts according to their different objectives and different historical backgrounds. According to the different approaches, the western information research can be divided into nine categories: the purpose of mathematical approach is to provide accurate mathematical methods for the measurement of information, including the mathematical theory of communication, the theory of calculation and the theory of combination; The research of semantic path is neglected by mathematical approach, the purpose of which is to put forward the measurement of semantic content of information, and the logical path applies the concept of information to logic, which brings new enlightenment to the study of logic. Dynamic theory focuses on the causal dynamics process of information, tries to clarify the relationship between information and causal process, and provides a scientific basis for the study of information, while the signal game theory uses the results of cooperative game theory. In the spirit of naturalism, we solve the problem of how signals come out spontaneously; pan-informalism treats information as the basic nature of a universe like matter and energy-information is not the object of interpretation. It is the starting point for explaining other phenomena. The approach of semiotics follows the footsteps of Pierce's semiotics and puts forward the insightful information theory of semiotics, while the philosophical approach studies the concept of information or the philosophical implication of information phenomena. Philosophical reflection including information and philosophy of information as the first philosophy, the interdisciplinary approach holds that information is a complex phenomenon that emerges at many levels and should be studied from an interdisciplinary perspective. Although different research approaches have different meanings of information concepts, they can draw lessons from each other and provide a solid foundation for the future development of information research.
【作者单位】：南京大学哲学系与宗教学系;
【分类号】：G201

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