美国主流媒体与另类媒体:美国在巴基斯坦的无人机战争
发布时间：2021-11-15 04:49
本研究旨在研究发生在巴基斯坦的反叛乱隐秘无人机战争在美国媒体中的报道。一个让人无法忽视的现实是,反叛乱隐秘无人机战争秘密造成了巨大的死亡,但是人们却对此知之甚少。在这个信息时代,这种情况的出现就更加值得我们关注。“后真相”和“假新闻”的时代,为了辨清对错,我们需要深入分析不同的媒体来揭示巴基斯坦反叛乱隐秘无人机战争的真相。由于独立媒体一直在挑战主流媒体的可信度。因此,这项研究既采用了主流媒体（自由主义的《纽约时报》和保守主义的《华尔街日报》）,也选择了独立媒体来研究反叛乱隐秘无人机战争的现象。这一研究运用的理论是Anne Morelli的战争宣传原则和报刊的社会责任理论,时间跨度是从2004年6月到2014年6月的十年间。这段时间选取所基于的现实是,美国在2004年6月开始了无人机在巴基斯坦的战争,并在2014年6月降低了无人机攻击的频率。巴基斯坦与阿富汗边界漫长,在“9 · 11”之后,美国时任总统布什告诉巴基斯坦,要么选择美国,要么选择恐怖分子。据美国媒体报道,在美国入侵阿富汗后,阿富汗塔利班和基地组织武装分子在阿富汗-巴基斯坦边界地区转移,这个地区已成为“世界上最危险的地方”。美...
【文章来源】：武汉大学湖北省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：236 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 MEDIATED GLOBAL WAR ON TERROR (GWOT) AND PAKISTAN
1.2 MYSTERIOUS 9/11 AND PAKISTAN: WAR HYSTERIA OF MEDIA AND POLITICS
1.3 ALTERNATIVE MEDIA (AM): ALTERNATIVE POLITICAL REALITY
1.4 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
1.5 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
2 BACKGROUND
2.1 9/11, AND BUSH: MEDIA AND AMERICA'S COVERT COIN DRONE WAR
2.2 OBAMA'S DRONE WAR: MAINSTREAM MEDIA, ALTERNATIVE MEDIA, PUBLIC DEBATE ON US DRONEPOLICY
2.3 SUMMARY
3 LITERATURE SYNTHESIS
3.1 THE PARADOX OF FREE AND INFORMED AMERICAN SOCIETY
3.2 MEDIA AND DRONE: BODY COUNT AND THE ERROR-RIDDEN SCHOLARSHIP
3.3 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITYTHEORY AND INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM
3.4 THEORETICAL WORKING VISION OF AMERICAN CONGLOMERATE MAINSTREAM MEDIA (CMSM)
3.5 THE BAFFLE OF INFORMATION AND STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION
3.6 SUMMARY
3.7 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
4 RESEARCH METHOD
4.1 STUDY DESIGN
4.2 DATA COLLECTION METHOD
4.3 THEMATIC ANALYSIS (TA)
4.3.1 Thematic Analysis (TA): Inductive (Data Driven) and Deductive (Theory Driven)
4.3.2 Themes Level: Semantic and Latent
4.4 DOING THEMATIC ANALYSIS: A RECURSIVE PROCESS WITH SIX PHASES
4.5 MANUAL CODING
5 FINDINGS
5.1 THE NEW YORK TIMES DATA ANALYSIS
5.2 THE NEW YORK TIMES: PRO-WAR AND PRO-DRONES AND PRO-UNILATERAL VIOLENT FOREIGNPOLICY
5.2.1 Egregious but a "Just" "War of Necessity": Pakistan is a "Real Front"
5.2.2 Times' Megalomania V/S "Cancer" Republic of Terroristan: Game of "Cat andMouse"
5.2.3 New York Times' Deception and Contradiction: Confusion and Secrecy
5.3 THE NEW YORK TIMES: ANTI-WAR AND ANTI-DRONES AND ANTI-UNILATERAL VIOLENT FOREIGNPOLICY
5.3.1 Untenable "SHADOW" Dome War: Moral Responsibility under Just War Theories?
5.3.2 Non-American Life is Now Partially Equal to American Life: New Rules forTargeted Killing
5.4 WALL STREET JOURNAL DATA ANALYSIS
5.4.1 Control Nuclear Pakistan-"A Pivotal Muslim Nation":"The Global Headquartersof Terrorism"
5.4.2 Humane, Moral and Helpful Covert Drone War: Killing is a Measure of Safety
5.4.3 The Case of Prisoners of War (POW): Guantanamo Bay and Detainees
5.4.4 Pak-US Relations and the Yemen Pattern: Good-Bad-Ugly for Humanity
5.4.5 Drone and International Law: "Welcome to the War"
5.4.6 Media and the Business of War: Game of Money, Politics, Hegemony and GlobalControl
5.5 DEMOCRACY NOW (ON) DATA ANALYSIS
5.5.1 Pure and Authentic Journalism:Exposing the Cruelty of "Dirty Wars"
5.5.2 Pakistan is a Terror Construction/ Destruction Factory: Dirty Role of Pakistan inAmerican "Dirty Wars"
5.5.3 DN: Supporter, Promotor and Defender of Public Activation under US Constitution
5.5.4 "Venus" and "Mars" Strategy: Neo-Conservatives' Infinite Symbolic War againstAl Qaeda and Economic War against USA
5.5.5 Muslims' Faith Card Spin and US Relation with Nuclear Pakistan: Hyperbole andFear
5.5.6 Military-Industrial-Complex, Drone War and Moral Responsibility: Global"Thought Police" and the Global Garrison States of America VS China
5.5.7 Take Pakistan Down (Yemen Pattern)-Make the Pakistani System "scream",Divide Army, Destabilize it, Control Nukes and Dismember it into Pieces: Alinsky ChaosModel
5.6 FINAL VERDICT: UNCHAINED TAOTIE (饕餮)- MEDIA AND "WAR [ARE] NECESSARY EVIL"
6 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
6.1 SUMMARY OF THE MAJOR FINDINGS
6.1.1 The New York Times: (Pro-War and Anti-War)-god of Spin and Mental Chaos
6.1.2 The Wall Street Journal: "Welcome to War"-Violence is the Basic Agenda
6.1.3 Democracy Now: Washington is the Headquarter of War under "Business Party"
6.2 IMPLICATION AND CONTRIBUTION
6.2.1 Alternative media (AM): The Sole Protector of the People?-"God Helps ThoseWho Help Themselves"
6.2.2 Media and "Lazy" and Ignorant Americans: Business Model Media
6.2.3 "Heartland Theory" and AFPAK Region: Soft (Media) and Hard Power (Military)
6.2.4 Edward Said's Orient: Media and Scholars are Part of the Conspiracy againstPeople
6.2.5 Instead of Bringing People Close, Media is Creating Ideological Walls betweenThem
6.3 LIMITATION OF STUDY AND DIRECTION FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
Acknowledgement
REFERENCES
本文编号：3496066
【文章来源】：武汉大学湖北省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：236 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 MEDIATED GLOBAL WAR ON TERROR (GWOT) AND PAKISTAN
1.2 MYSTERIOUS 9/11 AND PAKISTAN: WAR HYSTERIA OF MEDIA AND POLITICS
1.3 ALTERNATIVE MEDIA (AM): ALTERNATIVE POLITICAL REALITY
1.4 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
1.5 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
2 BACKGROUND
2.1 9/11, AND BUSH: MEDIA AND AMERICA'S COVERT COIN DRONE WAR
2.2 OBAMA'S DRONE WAR: MAINSTREAM MEDIA, ALTERNATIVE MEDIA, PUBLIC DEBATE ON US DRONEPOLICY
2.3 SUMMARY
3 LITERATURE SYNTHESIS
3.1 THE PARADOX OF FREE AND INFORMED AMERICAN SOCIETY
3.2 MEDIA AND DRONE: BODY COUNT AND THE ERROR-RIDDEN SCHOLARSHIP
3.3 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITYTHEORY AND INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM
3.4 THEORETICAL WORKING VISION OF AMERICAN CONGLOMERATE MAINSTREAM MEDIA (CMSM)
3.5 THE BAFFLE OF INFORMATION AND STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION
3.6 SUMMARY
3.7 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
4 RESEARCH METHOD
4.1 STUDY DESIGN
4.2 DATA COLLECTION METHOD
4.3 THEMATIC ANALYSIS (TA)
4.3.1 Thematic Analysis (TA): Inductive (Data Driven) and Deductive (Theory Driven)
4.3.2 Themes Level: Semantic and Latent
4.4 DOING THEMATIC ANALYSIS: A RECURSIVE PROCESS WITH SIX PHASES
4.5 MANUAL CODING
5 FINDINGS
5.1 THE NEW YORK TIMES DATA ANALYSIS
5.2 THE NEW YORK TIMES: PRO-WAR AND PRO-DRONES AND PRO-UNILATERAL VIOLENT FOREIGNPOLICY
5.2.1 Egregious but a "Just" "War of Necessity": Pakistan is a "Real Front"
5.2.2 Times' Megalomania V/S "Cancer" Republic of Terroristan: Game of "Cat andMouse"
5.2.3 New York Times' Deception and Contradiction: Confusion and Secrecy
5.3 THE NEW YORK TIMES: ANTI-WAR AND ANTI-DRONES AND ANTI-UNILATERAL VIOLENT FOREIGNPOLICY
5.3.1 Untenable "SHADOW" Dome War: Moral Responsibility under Just War Theories?
5.3.2 Non-American Life is Now Partially Equal to American Life: New Rules forTargeted Killing
5.4 WALL STREET JOURNAL DATA ANALYSIS
5.4.1 Control Nuclear Pakistan-"A Pivotal Muslim Nation":"The Global Headquartersof Terrorism"
5.4.2 Humane, Moral and Helpful Covert Drone War: Killing is a Measure of Safety
5.4.3 The Case of Prisoners of War (POW): Guantanamo Bay and Detainees
5.4.4 Pak-US Relations and the Yemen Pattern: Good-Bad-Ugly for Humanity
5.4.5 Drone and International Law: "Welcome to the War"
5.4.6 Media and the Business of War: Game of Money, Politics, Hegemony and GlobalControl
5.5 DEMOCRACY NOW (ON) DATA ANALYSIS
5.5.1 Pure and Authentic Journalism:Exposing the Cruelty of "Dirty Wars"
5.5.2 Pakistan is a Terror Construction/ Destruction Factory: Dirty Role of Pakistan inAmerican "Dirty Wars"
5.5.3 DN: Supporter, Promotor and Defender of Public Activation under US Constitution
5.5.4 "Venus" and "Mars" Strategy: Neo-Conservatives' Infinite Symbolic War againstAl Qaeda and Economic War against USA
5.5.5 Muslims' Faith Card Spin and US Relation with Nuclear Pakistan: Hyperbole andFear
5.5.6 Military-Industrial-Complex, Drone War and Moral Responsibility: Global"Thought Police" and the Global Garrison States of America VS China
5.5.7 Take Pakistan Down (Yemen Pattern)-Make the Pakistani System "scream",Divide Army, Destabilize it, Control Nukes and Dismember it into Pieces: Alinsky ChaosModel
5.6 FINAL VERDICT: UNCHAINED TAOTIE (饕餮)- MEDIA AND "WAR [ARE] NECESSARY EVIL"
6 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
6.1 SUMMARY OF THE MAJOR FINDINGS
6.1.1 The New York Times: (Pro-War and Anti-War)-god of Spin and Mental Chaos
6.1.2 The Wall Street Journal: "Welcome to War"-Violence is the Basic Agenda
6.1.3 Democracy Now: Washington is the Headquarter of War under "Business Party"
6.2 IMPLICATION AND CONTRIBUTION
6.2.1 Alternative media (AM): The Sole Protector of the People?-"God Helps ThoseWho Help Themselves"
6.2.2 Media and "Lazy" and Ignorant Americans: Business Model Media
6.2.3 "Heartland Theory" and AFPAK Region: Soft (Media) and Hard Power (Military)
6.2.4 Edward Said's Orient: Media and Scholars are Part of the Conspiracy againstPeople
6.2.5 Instead of Bringing People Close, Media is Creating Ideological Walls betweenThem
6.3 LIMITATION OF STUDY AND DIRECTION FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
Acknowledgement
REFERENCES
本文编号：3496066
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