慢性间歇性缺氧对下丘脑—垂体—甲状腺轴的影响

发布时间：2018-01-31 09:44

本文关键词： 慢性间歇性缺氧下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴大鼠　出处：《重庆医科大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的: 制作一个可应用于常压状态的慢性间歇性缺氧研究动物模型,为深入研究阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, OSAHS)的发生发展相关机制提供一个实验平台。通过研究正常饲养条件下和慢性间歇性缺氧条件下以及去除缺氧因素(复氧)后对SD大鼠下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴的影响,其中包括血清中促甲状腺激素释放激素(thyrotropin releasing hormone, TRH)、促甲状腺激素(thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(triiodothyroxine, T3)、甲状腺激素(thyroxine, T4)的各自变化以及相互关系,甲状腺重量的比较,电镜观察大鼠下丘脑、垂体、甲状腺组织超微结构的变化,探讨OSAHS患者下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴功能损害和自我修复的可能机制,尽可能为OSAHS患者的临床治疗提供理论依据。方法: 选取24只健康成年雄性SD大鼠,随机分为空白(unhandled control, UC)组、慢性间歇性缺氧(chronic intermittent hypoxia, CIH)组组和复氧(去除缺氧)(Removal of hypoxia, RH)组,UC组正常饲养,CIH组每日间歇性缺氧实验8小时,连续4周,建立慢性间歇性缺氧实验动物模型,RH组前4周饲养同CIH组,后4周正常饲养,所有大鼠在实验结束后抽取静脉血分离血清,用放射免疫法检测血清中TRH、TSH、T3、T4浓度,用电子天平称量甲状腺重量,同时用电镜观察三组大鼠下丘脑、垂体、甲状腺超微结构的变化。结果: ①血清中TRH、TSH、T3、T4的浓度比较,CIH组较UC组和RH组明显降低,而UC组和RH组之间无明显差异。 ②称量甲状腺重量,CIH组明显升高,与UC组和RH组比较差异有显著性。UC组和RH组之间的差异无显著性。 ③下丘脑,垂体,甲状腺的超微结构在CIH组均出现轻微缺氧改变,其中下丘脑的神经内分泌细胞线粒体可见轻度固缩改变,少量有髓神经纤维可见沃勒氏变性,无髓神经纤维轴浆有肿胀,电子密度变浅,垂体远侧部可见嗜碱性细胞的内质网轻度肿胀、线粒体模糊,甲状腺滤泡细胞缩小,上皮变低,线粒体有固缩,内质网、高尔基复合体肿胀,部分细胞有形态损害。而UC组和RH组无明显异常。结论: 慢性间歇性缺氧可使大鼠下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴发生异常,反馈调节系统紊乱,复氧能使其基本恢复正常。
[Abstract]:Objective: To make an animal model of chronic intermittent hypoxia which can be used in atmospheric pressure. To study the obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. The pathogenesis and development of OSAHS provide an experimental platform. By studying the normal feeding conditions and chronic intermittent hypoxia conditions as well as the removal of hypoxia factors (reoxygenation). The effect on hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis of SD rats was observed. These include thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) in serum. Thyrotropin stimulating hormoid, TSHN, triiodothyroxine, triiodothyroxine. The changes of thyroid hormone thyroid hormone (T4) and their relationship, the weight of thyroid gland, the hypothalamus and pituitary gland of rats were observed by electron microscope. To explore the possible mechanism of hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis dysfunction and self-repair in patients with OSAHS. To provide the theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of OSAHS patients as much as possible. Methods: Twenty-four healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group (UCgroup). Chronic intermittent hypoxia and chronic intermittent hypoxia. The CIH group and the reoxygenation (RHH) group were treated with intermittent hypoxia for 8 hours daily in the normal feeding CIH group and in the reoxygenation group (RHU). After 4 weeks of chronic intermittent hypoxia, the RH group was fed with the same CIH group in the first four weeks, and the normal feeding time was 4 weeks later. All the rats were collected from venous blood to separate the serum after the experiment. Radioimmunoassay was used to detect the concentration of TRHH TSHT _ 3 T _ 4, the weight of thyroid was weighed by electronic balance, and the ultrastructure of hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid in three groups were observed by electron microscope. Results: 1 the concentration of TRHH TSHT _ 3 T _ 4 in serum was significantly lower in CIH group than in UC and RH groups, but there was no significant difference between UC group and RH group. 2the weight of thyroid gland in CIH group was significantly higher than that in UC group and RH group. There was no significant difference between UC group and RH group. 3 the ultrastructure of hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid showed slight anoxia in CIH group, and the mitochondria of neuroendocrine cells in hypothalamus showed slight pyknosis. A small amount of myelinated nerve fibers showed Walller degeneration, swelling of axon of unmyelinated nerve fibers, shallowness of electron density, slight swelling of endoplasmic reticulum of basophilic cells in the distal part of pituitary gland and blur of mitochondria. Thyroid follicular cells were reduced, epithelium decreased, mitochondria pyknosis, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex swelling, and some cells were damaged, while UC group and RH group had no obvious abnormality. Conclusion: Chronic intermittent hypoxia can make hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis abnormal, feedback regulatory system disorder, reoxygenation can basically make it normal.
【学位授予单位】：重庆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：R363

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