人胚胎干细胞相关发明可专利性研究

发布时间：2018-07-06 13:04

本文选题：社会公德 + 人胚胎　；参考：《华东政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着生物技术的发展和生物技术专利申请的出现,对生物技术所带来的伦理问题以及生物技术专利申请能否被授予专利权引起了巨大的争论,这种争论在人胚胎干细胞系的建立、研究和专利申请中尤为激烈。一种观点认为,由于获得人胚胎干细胞必须得毁坏人胚胎,这等同于杀人,因此,无论人胚胎干细胞研究的目的是多么高尚,这种毁坏人胚胎的行为绝对不能接受。因此这类发明创造违反社会公德,不应授予专利权。也有人担心授予人胚胎干细胞相关发明创造专利权会引起人们出于工业或商业目的而制造胚胎,从而引起巨大道德灾难。欧洲专利局在人胚胎干细胞相关发明能否授予专利权方面持消极态度,根据《欧洲专利公约》第53条(a)款和实施细则第23d(c)款拒绝授予这类发明创造专利权。与之相反,美国没有道德审查条款,其采取了相对宽松的审查标准。因此,在美国有大量的人胚胎干细胞相关发明被授予专利权。中国的审查与欧洲相似,也以“人胚胎的工业或商业目的的应用”违反社会公德为由拒绝授予涉及人胚胎干细胞的发明创造专利权。本文对欧洲、美国和中国的授权情况进行了比较分析,并分析了人胚胎干细胞相关发明的伦理问题,认为获得人胚胎干细胞的受精后14天内的囊胚不是“胚胎”,对其进行操作不等同于“杀人”;多能型人胚胎干细胞不具有发育成完整个体的潜能,它们仅具有细胞生命,因此授予多能型人胚胎干细胞相关发明专利权不违反社会公德。据此,本文建议改变我国重研究轻专利保护的政策取向,修改审查指南中的相关规定,明确多能型人胚胎干细胞相关发明属于可专利客体,同时也应要求申请人履行更为严格的披露义务。
[Abstract]:With the development of biotechnology and the appearance of biotechnology patent application, the ethical problems brought about by biotechnology and whether the patent application of biotechnology can be granted has caused great controversy. This debate has been particularly intense in the establishment, research and patent applications of human embryonic stem cell lines. One view is that, since the acquisition of human embryonic stem cells must destroy human embryos, this is tantamount to killing human embryos, and therefore, no matter how noble the purpose of human embryonic stem cell research, such destruction of human embryos is absolutely unacceptable. Such inventions are therefore contrary to social morality and should not be granted patents. There are also concerns that patenting human embryonic stem cell related inventions could lead to an industrial or commercial creation of embryos that could lead to a huge moral disaster. The European Patent Office (EPO) has a negative attitude on whether human embryonic stem cell related inventions can be granted patents. According to Article 53 (a) of the European Patent Convention and Article 23 d (c) of the European Patent Convention, the patent rights for such inventions and creations are refused. By contrast, the United States does not have a moral review clause, which adopts a relatively lenient standard of scrutiny. As a result, a large number of human embryonic stem cell related inventions have been patented in the United States. The Chinese review, similar to that in Europe, also refused to grant patents on inventions involving human embryonic stem cells on the grounds that "the industrial or commercial application of human embryos" was contrary to social ethics. This paper makes a comparative analysis of the authorization of human embryonic stem cells in Europe, the United States and China, and analyzes the ethical problems of human embryonic stem cell related inventions. It is considered that the blastocysts within 14 days after fertilization of human embryonic stem cells are not "embryos". Its operation is not equivalent to "murder"; pluripotent human embryonic stem cells do not have the potential to develop into a complete individual, they only have cell life, so granting patent rights to pluripotent human embryonic stem cells does not violate social ethics. Therefore, this paper proposes to change the policy orientation of emphasizing research on patent protection, and to amend the relevant provisions in the review guide to make it clear that the invention related to pluripotent human embryonic stem cells belongs to the patentable object. The applicant should also be required to perform a more stringent disclosure obligation.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：R329;D913

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