人毛囊间充质干细胞向心肌样细胞诱导分化的研究

发布时间：2018-07-09 16:41

本文选题：毛囊间充质干细胞 + 诱导分化　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：缺血性心肌病是全球发病率和死亡率最高的疾病之一，由于心肌再生能力有限，几乎不能通过自身增殖来修复损伤，只能靠瘢痕组织进行修复；而通过瘢痕组织修复的心肌，，一方面由于收缩力差导致血液的输出量不足，影响到心肌病患者的日常生活；另一方面由于其生物力学强度弱，可能会导致心脏突然破裂而猝死。传统的药物、介入治疗和外科手术治疗虽可部分恢复心肌梗死区的血供，但只能从一定程度上缓解症状，不能从根本上改善患者的生活质量，提高生存率。而对心力衰竭患者而言，异体心脏移植是唯一有效的手段。但因供体心脏的来源有限，又阻碍了患者的治疗。为解决供体心脏来源不足的问题，曾尝试用与人类心脏类似的动物心脏（比如猪的心脏）来进行心脏移植，但由于存在严重的免疫排斥反应、动物源性疾病传播和伦理问题，使其无法得以应用。基于以上原因，人们把目光转向细胞疗法修复损伤的心肌。倍受关注的就是干细胞，干细胞具有强大的自我更新和分化潜能，其为心肌损伤的治疗提供了新的希望。研究表明，将干细胞移植入损伤的心肌后，可修复损伤的心肌，改善心脏功能。因此，干细胞疗法越来越成为人们关注的焦点。根据干细胞分化潜能，可分为全能干细胞（即胚胎干细胞），多潜能干细胞（如间充质干细胞）和单能干细胞（如角朊干细胞）。由于胚胎干细胞存在伦理和安全性问题，脐带血干细胞具有疾病传播的危险，骨髓间充质干细胞受取材不便和年龄限制，而人毛囊间充质干细胞可克服以上述弊端，其具有来源丰富、取材方便、获取不受年龄限制且增殖能力强的优势，所以有望成为细胞疗法或构建组织工程器官的首选种子源。本实验首先分离、培养并鉴定了人毛囊间充质干细胞，然后进行新生大鼠心肌原代细胞分离、培养和纯化，最后利用新生大鼠心肌细胞的条件培养基诱导人毛囊间充质干细胞，探讨人毛囊间充质干细胞向心肌样细胞分化的潜能。
[Abstract]:Ischemic cardiomyopathy is one of the diseases with the highest morbidity and mortality in the world. Because of the limited ability of myocardial regeneration, the damage can hardly be repaired by self-proliferation, but can only be repaired by scar tissue. On the one hand, poor contractility leads to insufficient blood output, which affects the daily life of patients with cardiomyopathy; on the other hand, it may lead to sudden cardiac rupture and sudden death because of its weak biomechanical strength. Although the traditional drugs, interventional therapy and surgical treatment can partially restore the blood supply in myocardial infarction area, they can only alleviate the symptoms to a certain extent, and cannot fundamentally improve the quality of life and the survival rate of the patients. For patients with heart failure, allograft heart transplantation is the only effective means. However, the limited source of donor heart hinders the treatment of patients. To solve the problem of insufficient donor heart sources, an attempt was made to use animal hearts similar to human hearts (such as pig hearts) for heart transplants, but due to severe immune rejection, the spread of animal-derived diseases and ethical problems. Make it impossible to use. For these reasons, people turn to cell therapy to repair damaged myocardium. Stem cells, which have strong self-renewal and differentiation potential, provide new hope for the treatment of myocardial injury. Studies have shown that transplantation of stem cells into the injured myocardium can repair the damaged myocardium and improve cardiac function. Therefore, stem cell therapy has increasingly become the focus of attention. According to the differentiation potential of stem cells, they can be divided into totipotent stem cells (i.e. embryonic stem cells), multipotent stem cells (such as mesenchymal stem cells) and monopotent stem cells (such as keratinocytes stem cells). Due to ethical and safety problems of embryonic stem cells, umbilical cord blood stem cells are at risk of disease transmission, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are inconvenient and age limited, and human hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells can overcome these disadvantages. It has the advantages of abundant sources, convenient material collection, no age restriction and strong proliferative ability, so it is expected to be the preferred seed source for cell therapy or for the construction of tissue engineering organs. Human hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs) were isolated, cultured and identified firstly, then isolated, cultured and purified from neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Finally, human hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells were induced by conditioned medium of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. To investigate the potential of human hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R329

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