tRNA衍生片段和tRNA半分子的生物学功能及其在疾病发生中的作用

发布时间：2019-04-26 22:20

【摘要】：tRNA衍生片段(tRNA-derived RNA fragment,t RF)和tRNA半分子(tRNA halves,ti RNA)由成熟tRNA或其前体tRNA在不同位点特异性剪切产生,它们是一类广泛存在于原核生物和真核生物转录组中的非编码小RNA分子.t RF主要有tRF-5、tRF-3和tRF-1等3亚类,分别来自成熟tRNA的D环至反密码环茎区间切割至5′端、T环开始至3′端和前体tRNA的3′端尾部,其长度为14~30个核苷酸(nucleotide,nt).ti RNA主要有5′ti RNA和3′ti RNA等2亚类,是在成熟tRNA反密码子环处切割分别产生,其长度为29~50 nt.t RF和ti RNA具有多种生物学功能,既可以在应激反应中作为信号分子,又可以作为基因表达的调节者.它们与人类多种疾病(如肿瘤、神经退行性疾病、代谢性疾病和传染病等)的发生密切相关,有希望成为疾病诊断的新型标志物.本文就t RF和ti RNA的分类、生物学功能以及与人类疾病的关系作一综述.
[Abstract]:TRNA-derived fragments (tRNA-derived RNA fragment,t RF) and tRNA semi-molecules (tRNA halves,ti RNA) are specifically cleaved at different sites by mature tRNA or its precursor tRNA. They are a class of non-coding small RNA molecules widely found in prokaryotic and eukaryotes transcripts. TRF mainly consists of three subclasses, such as tRF-5,tRF-3 and tRF-1. The D loop from mature tRNA cuts to the 5 'end of the anticodon loop, the T loop begins to the 3' end and the 3 'tail of the precursor tRNA, and the length is 14 / 30 nucleotides (nucleotide,). Nt). Ti RNA is mainly composed of two subclasses, 5'ti RNA and 3'ti RNA, which are cut into the ring of mature tRNA anticipher codes respectively. The length of these two subclasses is 29 / 50 nt.t RF and ti RNA has a variety of biological functions. It can be used not only as a signal molecule in stress response, but also as a regulator of gene expression. They are closely related to the occurrence of many human diseases, such as tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases and infectious diseases, and will hopefully become a new marker for the diagnosis of diseases. The classification, biological function and relationship with human diseases of t-RF and ti RNA are reviewed in this paper.
【作者单位】：宁波大学医学院生物化学与分子生物学研究所浙江省病理生理学技术研究重点实验室;
【基金】：浙江省公益技术研究社会发展(2016C33177) 宁波市科技创新团队项目(2017B001)资助~~
【分类号】：R3416

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