提高细胞重编程效率和安全性的策略

发布时间：2019-08-24 14:43

【摘要】：细胞重编程是指分化的细胞在特定条件下经过去分化恢复到全能性或多能性状态,或者通过转分化将一种类型的体细胞转变成另外一种类型的细胞的过程。利用重编程技术获得的诱导型多能干细胞,谱系重编程技术获得的组织干细胞或组织细胞,具有患者特异性或者疾病特异性,可以显著减少免疫反应,同时也解决了临床细胞治疗的种子细胞来源问题,具有极大的临床应用价值。但是,另一方面,重编程效率低下和安全性问题却一直是其临床应用的瓶颈。近年来,人们围绕如何优化重编程方法进行了深入的研究,特别是对细胞重编程过程所涉及到的分子机制,包括表观遗传调控机制和上皮间质转化机制在这个过程中的作用有了更深入的认识。此外,采用非整合型载体和利用化学诱导方法替代转录因子的方式也提高了重编程的安全性。该文将就这一领域的研究进展作一综述。
[Abstract]:Cell reprogramming refers to the process in which differentiated cells return to totipotency or pluripotency through past differentiation under certain conditions, or transform one type of somatic cell into another type of cell by transdifferentiation. The induced pluripotent stem cells obtained by reprogramming technique and the tissue stem cells or tissue cells obtained by pedigree reprogramming technique have patient specificity or disease specificity, which can significantly reduce the immune response. At the same time, it also solves the problem of seed cell source in clinical cell therapy, and has great clinical application value. However, on the other hand, the inefficiency and safety of reprogramming have always been the bottleneck of its clinical application. In recent years, people have carried on the thorough research on how to optimize the reprogramming method, especially the molecular mechanism involved in the cell reprogramming process, including the apparent genetic regulation mechanism and the role of the epithelial-stroma transformation mechanism in this process. In addition, the use of non-integrated vectors and chemical induction instead of transcription factors also improves the safety of reprogramming. In this paper, the research progress in this field is reviewed.
【作者单位】：第二军医大学基础医学部细胞生物学教研室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:31471284) 上海市教委科技创新重点项目(批准号:14ZZ078)资助的课题~~
【分类号】：R329.2

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